From 2e6953e5ed5acc9fe4085a024eefe8ab1e31cf02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Tait Hoyem Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2020 01:26:18 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update _site static files --- _site/2020-04-27-quiz-your-friends-xss.html | 142 +-- _site/2020/01/22/padding-and-margin.html | 89 +- _site/2020/01/26/rsa1.html | 95 +- _site/2020/02/19/rsa2.html | 187 +-- _site/2020/04/02/rsa3.html | 186 +-- _site/2020/04/06/rsa4.html | 307 +---- _site/2020/04/12/nas1.html | 95 +- _site/2020/04/21/rfi.html | 61 +- _site/2020/04/25/xss.html | 137 +-- .../2020/05/01/nginx-socket-io-projects.html | 86 +- _site/2020/05/19/clue-announcement.html | 59 +- _site/2020/06/04/site-update.html | 50 +- _site/2020/06/25/tmux-minecraft.html | 167 +-- _site/2020/07/12/independence.html | 83 +- _site/2020/07/19/multicraft-php-gentoo.html | 105 +- _site/2020/07/30/canadian-parliament.html | 89 +- _site/2020/08/15/openbsd1.html | 78 +- _site/2020/08/18/django-deployment.html | 134 +-- _site/2020/09/09/lamegames.html | 53 +- _site/2020/09/12/minesweeper.html | 111 +- _site/about/index.html | 84 +- _site/assets/css/katex.css | 1040 +---------------- _site/assets/css/style.css | 309 +---- _site/assets/css/style.css.map | 15 +- _site/assets/js/hacked.js | 3 +- _site/blog/index.html | 240 +--- _site/contact/index.html | 51 +- _site/cover-letter-vcc/index.html | 39 +- _site/cover-letters/bloombase/index.html | 52 +- _site/feed.xml | 574 +-------- _site/index.html | 85 +- _site/links/index.html | 202 +--- _site/resume/index.html | 88 +- _site/robots.txt | 2 +- _site/scholarships/2020/cnib/index.html | 73 +- _site/sitemap.xml | 113 +- _site/tutoring/index.html | 71 +- 37 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 5273 deletions(-) diff --git a/_site/2020-04-27-quiz-your-friends-xss.html b/_site/2020-04-27-quiz-your-friends-xss.html index db1966e..deb959b 100644 --- a/_site/2020-04-27-quiz-your-friends-xss.html +++ b/_site/2020-04-27-quiz-your-friends-xss.html @@ -1,141 +1 @@ - - - - - The "Quiz Your Friends" XSS Exploit | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

The "Quiz Your Friends" XSS Exploit

-

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TODO write intro

- -

How I Found This Exploit

- -

While filling in one of my friend’s surveys I thought it would be -funny for them to know it is me without anyone else knowing. -We were young and had Inspect Elemented a few things together, -so it was a safe bet that an HTML joke would let them know.

- -

I decided to write my name like so: <b>Steve</b>. -Steve is in reference to the main character in the video game Minecraft.

- -
- -
-

Me typing in my name as <b>Steve</b>.

-
-
- -

Now in theory this should have shown in in the leaderboard as: “<b>Steve</b>” -However, to my horror and excitement, I saw this in the leaderboard:

- -
- -
-

<b>Steve</b> displaying in the leaderboard as bold text: Steve

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-
- -

The text “Steve” showed up in bold on the leaderboard. -This told me all I needed to know. -How did this happen? You might wonder.

- -

Server-Side Validation

- -

Here is a great demonstration why you should do most of your validation on the server side. -As a user, I can edit any of the HTML, CSS, or Javascript your server serves to me.

- -

Quiz your friends uses the maxlength=20 HTML attribute on the name input field. -Imagine trying to fit in a script tag doing anything useful with 20 characters! Don’t forget that includes the <script> tag. -That would leave 13 characters for Javascript. -Although I’m sure a genius would be able to code golf that, I know I couldn’t.

- -

Now obviously I can edit any HTML that a server has sent to me. -If I open up my inspect element window, I can go ahead and change that maxlength attribute to anything I want. -Let’s change it to 100!

- -
- An image of the Quiz Your Friends name input field with inspect element. THe code reads: <font class="style6"><input class="inputbutton" name="takername" type="text" id="takername" maxlength="20" width="425" placeholder="Your First Name" style="text-align: center; text-decoration:inherit; font-size:38px;" tabindex="-1"></font> -
- Manually changing the maxlength attribute. -
-
- -

In theory, there is a way that a site can stop people from just putting in their name of any length: server-side validation. -The server could check to see if the input is too long and reject it if it is. -The Quiz My Friends server has no such checks in place. -Therefore, I can send an almost arbitrary load to them. -Being able to send something potentially very large (more than a few megabytes) is a vulnerability of its own. -Imagine being able to send entire executable programs as your “name” in one of these quizzes?

- -

Hacking:

- -

So I went on my merry way thinking about ways to use malicious javascript. -Then, I thought that might be mean, so I decided to warn users instead. -I filled in the name with a script tag and a call to alert() to warn the user about this site.

- -

JAVASCRIPT_NAME.JPG

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I ran out of room before I could finish it. Hmmm. -What if I do “Inspect Element” and manually override the max-length attribute?

- -

The unfortunate truth is: this worked as well!

- -

Not only could I manually set the max-length by changing it in the HTML, -but there were no client-side OR server-side checks to make sure the name I was sending was less than or equal to 20 characters.

- -

If Javascript checked it, it would have stopped me (although maybe not a professional). -If the server checked it, it could have stopped almost anyone.

- -

Executing An Exploit

- -

Suppose we’re on a vulnerable site like Quiz Your Friends -and you decide you want to hack your friend’s quiz! -How can this be done?

- -

Creating A Quiz

- -

Here is my quiz below:

- -

CREATING_QUIZ.IMG

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Setting A Name With an HTML Tag

- -

Just like the image above, about how I found out about this vulnerability: go ahead and use an HTML tag in your name to test this out.

- -

BOLD_ITALIC_STEVE.JPG

- - -
- - - -
- - + The "Quiz Your Friends" XSS Exploit | tait.tech

The "Quiz Your Friends" XSS Exploit

TODO write intro

How I Found This Exploit

While filling in one of my friend’s surveys I thought it would be funny for them to know it is me without anyone else knowing. We were young and had Inspect Elemented a few things together, so it was a safe bet that an HTML joke would let them know.

I decided to write my name like so: <b>Steve</b>. Steve is in reference to the main character in the video game Minecraft.

Me typing in my name as <b>Steve</b>.

Now in theory this should have shown in in the leaderboard as: “<b>Steve</b>” However, to my horror and excitement, I saw this in the leaderboard:

<b>Steve</b> displaying in the leaderboard as bold text: Steve

The text “Steve” showed up in bold on the leaderboard. This told me all I needed to know. How did this happen? You might wonder.

Server-Side Validation

Here is a great demonstration why you should do most of your validation on the server side. As a user, I can edit any of the HTML, CSS, or Javascript your server serves to me.

Quiz your friends uses the maxlength=20 HTML attribute on the name input field. Imagine trying to fit in a script tag doing anything useful with 20 characters! Don’t forget that includes the <script> tag. That would leave 13 characters for Javascript. Although I’m sure a genius would be able to code golf that, I know I couldn’t.

Now obviously I can edit any HTML that a server has sent to me. If I open up my inspect element window, I can go ahead and change that maxlength attribute to anything I want. Let’s change it to 100!

An image of the Quiz Your Friends name input field with inspect element. THe code reads: <font class="style6"><input class="inputbutton" name="takername" type="text" id="takername" maxlength="20" width="425" placeholder="Your First Name" style="text-align: center; text-decoration:inherit; font-size:38px;" tabindex="-1"></font>
Manually changing the maxlength attribute.

In theory, there is a way that a site can stop people from just putting in their name of any length: server-side validation. The server could check to see if the input is too long and reject it if it is. The Quiz My Friends server has no such checks in place. Therefore, I can send an almost arbitrary load to them. Being able to send something potentially very large (more than a few megabytes) is a vulnerability of its own. Imagine being able to send entire executable programs as your “name” in one of these quizzes?

Hacking:

So I went on my merry way thinking about ways to use malicious javascript. Then, I thought that might be mean, so I decided to warn users instead. I filled in the name with a script tag and a call to alert() to warn the user about this site.

JAVASCRIPT_NAME.JPG

I ran out of room before I could finish it. Hmmm. What if I do “Inspect Element” and manually override the max-length attribute?

The unfortunate truth is: this worked as well!

Not only could I manually set the max-length by changing it in the HTML, but there were no client-side OR server-side checks to make sure the name I was sending was less than or equal to 20 characters.

If Javascript checked it, it would have stopped me (although maybe not a professional). If the server checked it, it could have stopped almost anyone.

Executing An Exploit

Suppose we’re on a vulnerable site like Quiz Your Friends and you decide you want to hack your friend’s quiz! How can this be done?

Creating A Quiz

Here is my quiz below:

CREATING_QUIZ.IMG

Setting A Name With an HTML Tag

Just like the image above, about how I found out about this vulnerability: go ahead and use an HTML tag in your name to test this out.

BOLD_ITALIC_STEVE.JPG

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/01/22/padding-and-margin.html b/_site/2020/01/22/padding-and-margin.html index cde799d..638df29 100644 --- a/_site/2020/01/22/padding-and-margin.html +++ b/_site/2020/01/22/padding-and-margin.html @@ -1,88 +1 @@ - - - - - Padding And Margin | tait.tech - - - - -
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Padding And Margin

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Wednesday, January 22 2020

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Many people have expressed confusion over how padding and margins work in HTML/CSS. I have been one of those people. In this short article I will explain what the differences are between the two, and how it may affect the functionality of your site.

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Here is an image from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) who sets the standards for the web.

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The W3C standard for padding, margin, borders and width. Width encompases the inner element + padding; the border then encompases it. The margin is the space beyond the border and in between other elements.

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Now although this image shows all the different types of spacing as equal, the majority of the time these will mostly be padding (inner) and margin (outer). Padding is the inner space between the element and its border; margin is the outer space between two different elements.

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Within the margin the user is unable to press any links or execute any javascript code. It is empty space. If each <link> on your navigation bar has 10 pixels of margin, then there would be 20 pixels in between each <link> that would not be clickable by the user.

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If you have <link>s on your navigation bar with padding set to 20 pixels, however, then there will be 20 pixels on each side of the <link> text where the user is able to click.

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If that part is confusing, try thinking about it in terms of whether background-color would apply.

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AttributePaddingMargin
Spacingwithin elementbetween elements
background-color appliesYesNo
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In summary:

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  • Padding: the space within a tag which is still part of the same tag. background-color applies.
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  • Margin: the space in between two seperate tags. background-color does not apply; it is empty space.
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  • Border: the space in between the two; it surrounds the padding, but is not the margin. It looks nice somtimes, but it has no non-visual function. background-color does not apply.
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I hope this covers the basics of margin and padding! Happy coding!

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- - - -
- - + Padding And Margin | tait.tech

Padding And Margin

Wednesday, January 22 2020

Many people have expressed confusion over how padding and margins work in HTML/CSS. I have been one of those people. In this short article I will explain what the differences are between the two, and how it may affect the functionality of your site.

Here is an image from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) who sets the standards for the web.

The W3C standard for padding, margin, borders and width. Width encompases the inner element + padding; the border then encompases it. The margin is the space beyond the border and in between other elements.

Now although this image shows all the different types of spacing as equal, the majority of the time these will mostly be padding (inner) and margin (outer). Padding is the inner space between the element and its border; margin is the outer space between two different elements.

Within the margin the user is unable to press any links or execute any javascript code. It is empty space. If each <link> on your navigation bar has 10 pixels of margin, then there would be 20 pixels in between each <link> that would not be clickable by the user.

If you have <link>s on your navigation bar with padding set to 20 pixels, however, then there will be 20 pixels on each side of the <link> text where the user is able to click.

If that part is confusing, try thinking about it in terms of whether background-color would apply.

Attribute Padding Margin
Spacing within element between elements
background-color applies Yes No

In summary:

  • Padding: the space within a tag which is still part of the same tag. background-color applies.
  • Margin: the space in between two seperate tags. background-color does not apply; it is empty space.
  • Border: the space in between the two; it surrounds the padding, but is not the margin. It looks nice somtimes, but it has no non-visual function. background-color does not apply.

I hope this covers the basics of margin and padding! Happy coding!

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/01/26/rsa1.html b/_site/2020/01/26/rsa1.html index 3ef75aa..be42498 100644 --- a/_site/2020/01/26/rsa1.html +++ b/_site/2020/01/26/rsa1.html @@ -1,94 +1 @@ - - - - - Is Encryption Worth It? | tait.tech - - - - -
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Is Encryption Worth It?

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Sunday, January 26 2020

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What is the most embarassing thing you have typed into Google search? What is the most personal secret you told a friend in confidence? What is your bank password? What is your business’s secret to stay ahead of the competition?

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Now at first these questions may seem not completely related. There is a point though: You likely sent all of this information over the internet.

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When you send that messege to your friend or business partner, why is it that any person can’t just listen to the signals coming from your phone or laptop and know what you sent to your friend or colleague? The answer: encryption.

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First, some background about internet privacy. You can’t have a conversation about internet encryption and privacy without discussing the man himself:

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Snowden

- -

Edward Joseph Snowden is an ex-NSA, ex-CIA employee who felt the United State’s 4th Ammendment was being violated by their programs of msas survailence. -Snowden was raised a staunch establishmentarian conservative; his girlfriend Lisndey however, slowly started changing his mind. Snowden became very influenced by the ideology of populism. -His populist thinking is shown very clearly when he explains his reasoning for his disclosure of humongous troves of NSA documents.

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“My sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them.” -—Edward Snowden

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- -

Snowden’s first set of leaks went public in The Gaurdian, The New York Times, and ProPublica in late 2013; -people started to realize that their governments and internet service providers (ISPs) are listening. People understood there might be more sinister motives than “national security” at play.

- -

Personally, I have seen a lot of non-tech-savy individuals using security-conscious software when I am helping them fix a problem. -In fact, there was one time I saw a collage student from rural Alberta who had a VPN running on her phone. This impressed me!

- -

Encryption on The Web

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The type of encryption used on the web is called: HyperText Transfer Protocol–Secure (HTTPS). -This kind of encryption stops two things from happening: A) it stops the information you are sending and recieving online from being seen by easvesdroppers and criminals, and B) stops those same third-parties from tampering with the data.

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Without HTTPS it is possible for sombody to listen in and change the data being sent between you and a server.

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Only in recent years has HTTPS become near-universal across the web. It is used even on the simplest sites these days: this one included. After 2013, people became weary of government, criminal, and ISP interference with their web traffic. -This can be backed up by statistics: -The level of encrypted web traffic around the time of the Snowden leaks was around 30 percent. It was mostly used by banks, email providers, government, and journalists. -At the turn of the 2020s however, this has risen to nearly 90 percent among U.S. users of Firefox. -Japan lags slightly behind with 80 percent encrypted traffic.

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- Use of encrypted web traffic incresing over time. -
- More at: Let's Encrypt -
-
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This is just the data we know of. You can disable the telemetry settings in Firefox, and it is very likely that hardcore privacy advocates would disable this data collection, so perhaps the amount of encrypted web traffic is slightly higher.

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What about RSA?

- -

RSA is an encryption method named after the initials of the inventors’ sir names: Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. It uses the mathematical “factoring problem” to secure communication. The details of this specific type of encryption will be discussed in an article soon to come.

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- - - -
- - + Is Encryption Worth It? | tait.tech

Is Encryption Worth It?

Sunday, January 26 2020

What is the most embarassing thing you have typed into Google search? What is the most personal secret you told a friend in confidence? What is your bank password? What is your business’s secret to stay ahead of the competition?

Now at first these questions may seem not completely related. There is a point though: You likely sent all of this information over the internet.

When you send that messege to your friend or business partner, why is it that any person can’t just listen to the signals coming from your phone or laptop and know what you sent to your friend or colleague? The answer: encryption.

First, some background about internet privacy. You can’t have a conversation about internet encryption and privacy without discussing the man himself:

Snowden

Edward Joseph Snowden is an ex-NSA, ex-CIA employee who felt the United State’s 4th Ammendment was being violated by their programs of msas survailence. Snowden was raised a staunch establishmentarian conservative; his girlfriend Lisndey however, slowly started changing his mind. Snowden became very influenced by the ideology of populism. His populist thinking is shown very clearly when he explains his reasoning for his disclosure of humongous troves of NSA documents.

“My sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them.” —Edward Snowden

Snowden’s first set of leaks went public in The Gaurdian, The New York Times, and ProPublica in late 2013; people started to realize that their governments and internet service providers (ISPs) are listening. People understood there might be more sinister motives than “national security” at play.

Personally, I have seen a lot of non-tech-savy individuals using security-conscious software when I am helping them fix a problem. In fact, there was one time I saw a collage student from rural Alberta who had a VPN running on her phone. This impressed me!

Encryption on The Web

The type of encryption used on the web is called: HyperText Transfer Protocol–Secure (HTTPS). This kind of encryption stops two things from happening: A) it stops the information you are sending and recieving online from being seen by easvesdroppers and criminals, and B) stops those same third-parties from tampering with the data.

Without HTTPS it is possible for sombody to listen in and change the data being sent between you and a server.

Only in recent years has HTTPS become near-universal across the web. It is used even on the simplest sites these days: this one included. After 2013, people became weary of government, criminal, and ISP interference with their web traffic. This can be backed up by statistics: The level of encrypted web traffic around the time of the Snowden leaks was around 30 percent. It was mostly used by banks, email providers, government, and journalists. At the turn of the 2020s however, this has risen to nearly 90 percent among U.S. users of Firefox. Japan lags slightly behind with 80 percent encrypted traffic.

Use of encrypted web traffic incresing over time.
More at: Let's Encrypt

This is just the data we know of. You can disable the telemetry settings in Firefox, and it is very likely that hardcore privacy advocates would disable this data collection, so perhaps the amount of encrypted web traffic is slightly higher.

What about RSA?

RSA is an encryption method named after the initials of the inventors’ sir names: Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. It uses the mathematical “factoring problem” to secure communication. The details of this specific type of encryption will be discussed in an article soon to come.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/02/19/rsa2.html b/_site/2020/02/19/rsa2.html index 1d1d498..034921b 100644 --- a/_site/2020/02/19/rsa2.html +++ b/_site/2020/02/19/rsa2.html @@ -1,186 +1 @@ - - - - - How Does Encryption Work, in Theory? | tait.tech - - - - -
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How Does Encryption Work, in Theory?

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Wednesday, February 19 2020

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There are many kinds of encryption used in our everyday communication. Online and offline, over the internet and in person. In this article, I will explain the basics of how encryption should work in theory. I explain in this article why encryption is important, and why you should care about it.

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We will start by looking at in-person, offline encryption.

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Cryptography We Do Everyday

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We encrypt things all the time without even thinking about it. -If you spend a significant amount of time with the same group of friends, you will tend to develop common codes that may not make sense to others outside the group. -For example: for years, my family called sombody falling from a sitting position “doing a Don”. There is a story of course—We knew a guy named Don who fell from his plastic beach chair in a rather hilarious way; “doing a Don” was born.

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These types of minor dialects in speech are cryptographic in their own way. The truth is though, that we use cryptography much more than that!

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“Is cryptography any different than talking? -We say something other than what we mean, and then expect everyone is able to decipher the true meaning behind the words. -Only, I never do…” — Adapted from a scene in The Imitation Game (p. 39-40)

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How many times have you hinted, flirted, and innuendoed to try to say “I find you very physically attractive”? -Have you told your friend that always stinks to wear more deodorant? -Have you ever had someone say the words “I’m fine” when you know for certain that they are indeed not okay?

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Words SaidMeaning
What can you do?I don’t want to talk about this anymore.
I don’t want to overstay my welcome.I want to go home now.
I don’t like them and don’t know why.They threaten my ego.
CreepyUnattractive and friendly
- -

All of these scenarios are perfect examples of lies encryption! If we have the key to these codes, we can start to understand what people really mean. -Hopefully I have convinced you that you use deceit cryptography on a regular basis in your life, so let us consider what a basic encryption method might be:

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Grade-School Encryption

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Back when I was in middle school I used to pass notes like these:

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- A message I would have sent in middle school. ROT5: Xfwfm hx hzy -
- The kind of message I would have sent in middle school. A ROT5 Ceasar cipher. -
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This is a message encrypted using the Caesar cipher. This encryption technique was used by Julius Caesar during the reign of the Roman Empire to “encrypt messages of military significance.”[1] -This is one of the oldest and simplest methods of encryption known to us today.

- -
- A diagram of a Ceasar Shift algorithm. A <-> N, B <-> O, et cetera. -
- A diagram of a ROT13 Ceasar shift algorithm. A <-> N, B <-> O, et cetera. -
-
- -

You can try this out yourself by moving some letters forward in the alphabet. -An ‘A’ turns into a ‘B’, ‘B’ into ‘C’, ‘C’ into ‘D’, et cetera. -In this case, “Hello!” would become “Ifmmp!” -That is just using a shift of one. You can use a shift of seven, for example, and then you would shift letters like so:

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    -
  • A -> +7 -> H
    • -
  • Q -> +7 -> X
    • -
  • T -> +7 -> A
    • -
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When you reach the end of the alphabet, wrap around to the beginning to find the encrypted letter.

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Example of a Caesar Cipher

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Let’s setup a little story to illustrate the problems of encryption. We will have three characters:

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  • Alice, young lady with feelings for Bob
    • -
  • Bob, a young lad with an addiction to pancakes
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  • Eve, a wee jealous girl scout who sits between Bob and Alice
    • -
- -

Alice really likes Bob and wants to tell Bob her feelings, so she writes “I love you, Bob! Please eat healthier!” on a sticky note. -She passes it to Eve, so Eve can pass it to Alice’s love interest. -However, in an unfortunate turn of events Eve reads the note herself, and decides not to give it to Bob.

- -

Oh the horror! Alice is without young love! How could she remedy this so that Bob can read her message, but evil Eve can not? -Let’s use the Caesar cipher to fix this problem.

- -

Let us assume that Alice and Bob already have a shared key, 7 for example. To encrypt this message, she should shift her letters seven letters forward in the alphabet—just like the example above.

- -
-A longer Ceasar cipher encrypted message: ROT2: Wpeng Vgf ku dqqogt ogog] -
- A longer Ceasar cipher encrypted message using ROT2. -
-
- -

Now Alice’s message reads “P svcl fvb, Ivi! Wslhzl lha olhsaoply!”

- -

Now, when Alice sends her Romeo a little note, all he has to do is decrypt the text by shifting the letters down by 7. -Here is a site which can do longer pieces of text for you instead of doing it manually.

- -

Problems

- -

Before the two love-birds start smooching on the branch of a big pine tree in the schoolyard, perhaps we should consider some problems with the Ceasar cipher.

- -

It is Very Easy to Break

- -

Even Eve with her measly grade 4 math skills could easily start going through this message with pen and paper and figure out any combination in a couple hours at maximum. -Imagine how easy this is for a computer? -This could be broken in a few microseconds even on an older processor like the Intel Core 2 Duo.

- -

No Secure Way of Sharing Keys

- -

We assumed in our previous example that Bob and Alice already have a shared key (seven) to encrypt and decrypt all of their messages. -If Bob and Alice did not have a previous friendship and time to share secrets of this sort, there is no way to share their key with eachother without Eve also knowing. -This would defeat the entire purpose of obscuring the message in the first place.

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Universal Vulnerability of Messages

- -

Every message sent between the two parties uses the same code to encrypt and decrypt. If someone finds out the code once, all previous communications are comprimised.

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Better Encryption Methods

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To combat the issues with easily breakable, shared-key cryptography, we can turn to the beautiful beast that is Asymetric Cryptography. -I will discuss this more in another article, but for the technically inclined:

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    -
  1. RSA/EC provides very large cryptographic keys. It would be impossible for a human to encrypt or decrypt a message manually.
    2. -
  2. Asymetric cryptography provides four keys, instead of just one; stopping evesdroppers from listening in on your secret conversations—even if you do not have the chance to exchange keys in advance.
    3. -
- - -
- - - -
- - + How Does Encryption Work, in Theory? | tait.tech

How Does Encryption Work, in Theory?

Wednesday, February 19 2020

There are many kinds of encryption used in our everyday communication. Online and offline, over the internet and in person. In this article, I will explain the basics of how encryption should work in theory. I explain in this article why encryption is important, and why you should care about it.

We will start by looking at in-person, offline encryption.

Cryptography We Do Everyday

We encrypt things all the time without even thinking about it. If you spend a significant amount of time with the same group of friends, you will tend to develop common codes that may not make sense to others outside the group. For example: for years, my family called sombody falling from a sitting position “doing a Don”. There is a story of course—We knew a guy named Don who fell from his plastic beach chair in a rather hilarious way; “doing a Don” was born.

These types of minor dialects in speech are cryptographic in their own way. The truth is though, that we use cryptography much more than that!

“Is cryptography any different than talking? We say something other than what we mean, and then expect everyone is able to decipher the true meaning behind the words. Only, I never do…” — Adapted from a scene in The Imitation Game (p. 39-40)

How many times have you hinted, flirted, and innuendoed to try to say “I find you very physically attractive”? Have you told your friend that always stinks to wear more deodorant? Have you ever had someone say the words “I’m fine” when you know for certain that they are indeed not okay?

Words Said Meaning
What can you do? I don’t want to talk about this anymore.
I don’t want to overstay my welcome. I want to go home now.
I don’t like them and don’t know why. They threaten my ego.
Creepy Unattractive and friendly

All of these scenarios are perfect examples of lies encryption! If we have the key to these codes, we can start to understand what people really mean. Hopefully I have convinced you that you use deceit cryptography on a regular basis in your life, so let us consider what a basic encryption method might be:

Grade-School Encryption

Back when I was in middle school I used to pass notes like these:

A message I would have sent in middle school. ROT5: Xfwfm hx hzy
The kind of message I would have sent in middle school. A ROT5 Ceasar cipher.

This is a message encrypted using the Caesar cipher. This encryption technique was used by Julius Caesar during the reign of the Roman Empire to “encrypt messages of military significance.”[1] This is one of the oldest and simplest methods of encryption known to us today.

A diagram of a Ceasar Shift algorithm. A <-> N, B <-> O, et cetera.
A diagram of a ROT13 Ceasar shift algorithm. A <-> N, B <-> O, et cetera.

You can try this out yourself by moving some letters forward in the alphabet. An ‘A’ turns into a ‘B’, ‘B’ into ‘C’, ‘C’ into ‘D’, et cetera. In this case, “Hello!” would become “Ifmmp!” That is just using a shift of one. You can use a shift of seven, for example, and then you would shift letters like so:

  • A -> +7 -> H
  • Q -> +7 -> X
  • T -> +7 -> A

When you reach the end of the alphabet, wrap around to the beginning to find the encrypted letter.

Example of a Caesar Cipher

Let’s setup a little story to illustrate the problems of encryption. We will have three characters:

  • Alice, young lady with feelings for Bob
  • Bob, a young lad with an addiction to pancakes
  • Eve, a wee jealous girl scout who sits between Bob and Alice

Alice really likes Bob and wants to tell Bob her feelings, so she writes “I love you, Bob! Please eat healthier!” on a sticky note. She passes it to Eve, so Eve can pass it to Alice’s love interest. However, in an unfortunate turn of events Eve reads the note herself, and decides not to give it to Bob.

Oh the horror! Alice is without young love! How could she remedy this so that Bob can read her message, but evil Eve can not? Let’s use the Caesar cipher to fix this problem.

Let us assume that Alice and Bob already have a shared key, 7 for example. To encrypt this message, she should shift her letters seven letters forward in the alphabet—just like the example above.

A longer Ceasar cipher encrypted message: ROT2: Wpeng Vgf ku dqqogt ogog]
A longer Ceasar cipher encrypted message using ROT2.

Now Alice’s message reads “P svcl fvb, Ivi! Wslhzl lha olhsaoply!”

Now, when Alice sends her Romeo a little note, all he has to do is decrypt the text by shifting the letters down by 7. Here is a site which can do longer pieces of text for you instead of doing it manually.

Problems

Before the two love-birds start smooching on the branch of a big pine tree in the schoolyard, perhaps we should consider some problems with the Ceasar cipher.

It is Very Easy to Break

Even Eve with her measly grade 4 math skills could easily start going through this message with pen and paper and figure out any combination in a couple hours at maximum. Imagine how easy this is for a computer? This could be broken in a few microseconds even on an older processor like the Intel Core 2 Duo.

No Secure Way of Sharing Keys

We assumed in our previous example that Bob and Alice already have a shared key (seven) to encrypt and decrypt all of their messages. If Bob and Alice did not have a previous friendship and time to share secrets of this sort, there is no way to share their key with eachother without Eve also knowing. This would defeat the entire purpose of obscuring the message in the first place.

Universal Vulnerability of Messages

Every message sent between the two parties uses the same code to encrypt and decrypt. If someone finds out the code once, all previous communications are comprimised.

Better Encryption Methods

To combat the issues with easily breakable, shared-key cryptography, we can turn to the beautiful beast that is Asymetric Cryptography. I will discuss this more in another article, but for the technically inclined:

  1. RSA/EC provides very large cryptographic keys. It would be impossible for a human to encrypt or decrypt a message manually.
  2. Asymetric cryptography provides four keys, instead of just one; stopping evesdroppers from listening in on your secret conversations—even if you do not have the chance to exchange keys in advance.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/04/02/rsa3.html b/_site/2020/04/02/rsa3.html index a435685..25ed9d4 100644 --- a/_site/2020/04/02/rsa3.html +++ b/_site/2020/04/02/rsa3.html @@ -1,185 +1 @@ - - - - - How Asymetric Encryption Works | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

How Asymetric Encryption Works

-

Thursday, April 02 2020

-
- -
-

In a few previous articles I have explained why encryption may be important to you and how the theory behind encryption works. I did not yet explain the system of asymetric cryptography, however. That is what this article is for.

- -

Previously, we talked about how symetric encryption works. This is by having a shared key that both parties use to simultaniously encrypt, and decrypt the data. (See Ceasar Cipher for example).

- -

Public-key, or Asymetric Encryption

- -

Asymetric encryption is based on the idea of having multiple keys instead of only one shared key. -For example: instead of encrypting with one key, and decrypting with that same key (like our ROT ciphers we talked about previously), we can use one key to encrypt the information, and a different key to decrypt the information.

- -
- Alice sending her message to Bob using Bob's public key. Bob decrypts the message with his private key. -
- Alice sending her message to Bob using Bob's public key. Bob decrypts the message with his private key. -
-
- -

In the picture above, see how Alice uses Bob’s public key to encrypt some data, -then sends it to Bob for him to decrypt with his private key? -That is the essense of public-key encryption.

- -

The great thing about public-key encryption is that your public key is public! There is no need to be afraid of sending this everywhere! -You can attach it at the end of all your emails, the end of your forum posts, a link to it on your low-power webserver (wink). -There are even things called keyservers that will save your public key on them for retrival in case somebody wants to verify your public key.

- -

Anything encrypted with your public key can only be decrypted with your private key. -Provided you never, NEVER share your private key with anyone ever, we can assume that all messages sent to you encrypted with your public key will never be read by anyone else.

- -

Asymetric encryption, however, often contains four keys instead of two. Why is this?

- -

Verification of Author

- -

One interesting thing about keys pairs is that not only can the private key decrypt anything the public key encrypts, -but the public key can decrypt anything the private key encrypts.

- -

Now why would one want to encrypt a message that can be decrypted by anyone?

- -
- Alice sending a message to bob which is 'signed' with her private key. This allows Bob to know only Alice could have sent it! -
- Alice sending a message to bob which is 'signed' with her private key. This allows Bob to know only Alice could have sent it! -
-
- Note: Although the picture shows otherwise, the text is not sent in the plain. It is encrypted with Alice's private key. -
-
- -

This is how you can verify that the person who says they wrote the message really did indeed write the message! -If their private key was never shared with anyone else, then the message must have come from them!

- -

For maximum security, these methods are often layered. -First, signing with the sender’s private key, -ensuring only they could have sent it— -then encrypted with the recipient’s pulbic key, -making sure only the reciever can read it.

- -

Note that both sides must first have eachother’s public keys to do this. -This is easy if they communicate often, but when first contacting somebody, -people will generally send their encrypted message along with the their own pulbic key attached in a seperate file.

- -

What This Means

- -

Notice neither Alice nor Bob had to share any comprimsing information over the network? -This is why public-key encryption is so powerful!

- -

Alice and Bob can both safely send their public keys in the open. -They can even send them over the insecure HTTP, or FTP protocols.

- -

Whilst not sending any encryption-breaking messages, -Alice and Bob now have a way to communicate securely. -If you trust nothing and no one, this is your perfered method of security.

- -

Check out this Computerphile video if you want the simplified explaination.

- -

The Algorithms

- -

The two biggest “implementations” of public-key cryptography vary only in the mathamatical equations used to generate the numbers, -and how the numbers are “trapdoored” to decrypt if you have the correct key.

- -

I will discuss the differences in approach here. -If you want to skip to the next article where I show you how to encrypt your own documents using RSA, see this link.

- -

RSA

- -

The mathamatic center of the RSA system was developed over the course of a year or so. -Three men were involved. Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Aldeman. -They worked as a kind of “team”: Each idea by Rivest and Shamir were critisized by the mathamatician on their team: Mr. Aldeman.

- -

One night, after consuming -“liberal quantities of Manischewitz wine” -Rivest had trouble sleeping. -After taking long gazes into the abyss of his math textbook, he came up with an idea which would change cryptography forever. -By the next morning, an academic mathamatical paper was nearly finished. -He named it after himself and the two others that had been helping him along this whole time. Rivest, Shamir, Aldeman.

- -

Key sizes of RSA range from 1024-bit to 4096-bit. -1024-bit keys are considered somewhat insecure. -However, -it should be noted that every bit doubles the complexity of the key, -so 2048 is 2^1024 times more complex than 1024.

- -

Eliptic-Curve (EC)

- -

Eliptic-Curve (EC) is a family of algorithms that use the Eliptic curve mathamatical structure to generate the numbers for the keys. -EC can effectivly provide the security of an RSA key one order of magnitude larger than an RSA key.

- -
- A picture of an eliptic curve. -
- An eliptic curve structure. -
-
- -

It’s fast; it’s secure! Perfect right?

- -

Of course not!

- -

One problem is that due to the smaller key size, -it can more easily be broken by brute-force. -This is why EC is mostly used for temporary communication (like HTTPS), not permenant communication (like having an encrypted email conversation with a journalist).

- -

The other problem is that a certain EC algrorithm called P-256 is suspected to be introduced with malice to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) -by the NSA. -Supposedly, the NSA is able to crack anything encrypted with this algorithm. -I will let the experts argure about that.

- -

Other well-known EC algorithms that are more-or-less trusted as secure do exist though. -The premeire one being Curve25519. -The reference implementation of this algrorithm is also public-domain, -so it is easy for devlopers to work into their own applications without worrying about copywrite.

- -

Conslusion

- -

In this article we went over some basic points:

- -
    -
  1. Public-key encryption enables secure communication over insecure networks.
    2. -
  2. RSA is considered the standard for extra-seure communication.
    3. -
  3. EC is a newer, faster, more transient encryption method.
    4. -
- -

To learn how to use RSA keys to encrypt your own communications, check out this other aritcle I wrote.

- - -
- - - -
- - + How Asymetric Encryption Works | tait.tech

How Asymetric Encryption Works

Thursday, April 02 2020

In a few previous articles I have explained why encryption may be important to you and how the theory behind encryption works. I did not yet explain the system of asymetric cryptography, however. That is what this article is for.

Previously, we talked about how symetric encryption works. This is by having a shared key that both parties use to simultaniously encrypt, and decrypt the data. (See Ceasar Cipher for example).

Public-key, or Asymetric Encryption

Asymetric encryption is based on the idea of having multiple keys instead of only one shared key. For example: instead of encrypting with one key, and decrypting with that same key (like our ROT ciphers we talked about previously), we can use one key to encrypt the information, and a different key to decrypt the information.

Alice sending her message to Bob using Bob's public key. Bob decrypts the message with his private key.
Alice sending her message to Bob using Bob's public key. Bob decrypts the message with his private key.

In the picture above, see how Alice uses Bob’s public key to encrypt some data, then sends it to Bob for him to decrypt with his private key? That is the essense of public-key encryption.

The great thing about public-key encryption is that your public key is public! There is no need to be afraid of sending this everywhere! You can attach it at the end of all your emails, the end of your forum posts, a link to it on your low-power webserver (wink). There are even things called keyservers that will save your public key on them for retrival in case somebody wants to verify your public key.

Anything encrypted with your public key can only be decrypted with your private key. Provided you never, NEVER share your private key with anyone ever, we can assume that all messages sent to you encrypted with your public key will never be read by anyone else.

Asymetric encryption, however, often contains four keys instead of two. Why is this?

Verification of Author

One interesting thing about keys pairs is that not only can the private key decrypt anything the public key encrypts, but the public key can decrypt anything the private key encrypts.

Now why would one want to encrypt a message that can be decrypted by anyone?

Alice sending a message to bob which is 'signed' with her private key. This allows Bob to know only Alice could have sent it!
Alice sending a message to bob which is 'signed' with her private key. This allows Bob to know only Alice could have sent it!

Note: Although the picture shows otherwise, the text is not sent in the plain. It is encrypted with Alice's private key.

This is how you can verify that the person who says they wrote the message really did indeed write the message! If their private key was never shared with anyone else, then the message must have come from them!

For maximum security, these methods are often layered. First, signing with the sender’s private key, ensuring only they could have sent it— then encrypted with the recipient’s pulbic key, making sure only the reciever can read it.

Note that both sides must first have eachother’s public keys to do this. This is easy if they communicate often, but when first contacting somebody, people will generally send their encrypted message along with the their own pulbic key attached in a seperate file.

What This Means

Notice neither Alice nor Bob had to share any comprimsing information over the network? This is why public-key encryption is so powerful!

Alice and Bob can both safely send their public keys in the open. They can even send them over the insecure HTTP, or FTP protocols.

Whilst not sending any encryption-breaking messages, Alice and Bob now have a way to communicate securely. If you trust nothing and no one, this is your perfered method of security.

Check out this Computerphile video if you want the simplified explaination.

The Algorithms

The two biggest “implementations” of public-key cryptography vary only in the mathamatical equations used to generate the numbers, and how the numbers are “trapdoored” to decrypt if you have the correct key.

I will discuss the differences in approach here. If you want to skip to the next article where I show you how to encrypt your own documents using RSA, see this link.

RSA

The mathamatic center of the RSA system was developed over the course of a year or so. Three men were involved. Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Aldeman. They worked as a kind of “team”: Each idea by Rivest and Shamir were critisized by the mathamatician on their team: Mr. Aldeman.

One night, after consuming “liberal quantities of Manischewitz wine” Rivest had trouble sleeping. After taking long gazes into the abyss of his math textbook, he came up with an idea which would change cryptography forever. By the next morning, an academic mathamatical paper was nearly finished. He named it after himself and the two others that had been helping him along this whole time. Rivest, Shamir, Aldeman.

Key sizes of RSA range from 1024-bit to 4096-bit. 1024-bit keys are considered somewhat insecure. However, it should be noted that every bit doubles the complexity of the key, so 2048 is 2^1024 times more complex than 1024.

Eliptic-Curve (EC)

Eliptic-Curve (EC) is a family of algorithms that use the Eliptic curve mathamatical structure to generate the numbers for the keys. EC can effectivly provide the security of an RSA key one order of magnitude larger than an RSA key.

A picture of an eliptic curve.
An eliptic curve structure.

It’s fast; it’s secure! Perfect right?

Of course not!

One problem is that due to the smaller key size, it can more easily be broken by brute-force. This is why EC is mostly used for temporary communication (like HTTPS), not permenant communication (like having an encrypted email conversation with a journalist).

The other problem is that a certain EC algrorithm called P-256 is suspected to be introduced with malice to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) by the NSA. Supposedly, the NSA is able to crack anything encrypted with this algorithm. I will let the experts argure about that.

Other well-known EC algorithms that are more-or-less trusted as secure do exist though. The premeire one being Curve25519. The reference implementation of this algrorithm is also public-domain, so it is easy for devlopers to work into their own applications without worrying about copywrite.

Conslusion

In this article we went over some basic points:

  1. Public-key encryption enables secure communication over insecure networks.
  2. RSA is considered the standard for extra-seure communication.
  3. EC is a newer, faster, more transient encryption method.

To learn how to use RSA keys to encrypt your own communications, check out this other aritcle I wrote.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/04/06/rsa4.html b/_site/2020/04/06/rsa4.html index 0a6bf50..b9256ea 100644 --- a/_site/2020/04/06/rsa4.html +++ b/_site/2020/04/06/rsa4.html @@ -1,69 +1,4 @@ - - - - - How To Encrypt Your Own Documents Using gpg | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

How To Encrypt Your Own Documents Using gpg

-

Monday, April 06 2020

-
- -
-

If you have ever wanted to garuntee the utmost security of your emails and documents, then this is the guide for you! -It should be noted that in some circles the tools used are more common than in others. -These are the everyday tools of many privacy advocates and computer nerds.

- -

If you have never used Linux however, then the method of doing this will be rather unfamiliar. -This tutorial will be done on an Arch Linux machine, -but it should be the same on Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, Debian, -OpenBSD, FreeBSD, MacOSX, etc. -The only operating system that does not include these tools by default (or easily accessible) is Windows.

- -

This tutorial makes heavy use of the terminal. -You have been warned.

- -

Let us…begin!

- -

Glossary

- -
    -
  • ASCII armour — A way to encode OpenPGP documents so they are readable by humans. These files end in .asc
    • -
  • (Open)PGP — An open standard for encoding pulbic keys and encrypted documents.
    • -
  • GPG — GNUPrivacyGaurd is an implementation of OpenPGP. It is installed by default on most Linux distrobutions.
    • -
- -

Step 0: Setup

- -

We will be using the utility gpg for this tutorial.

- -

The other thing to note: The character ‘$’ (dollar sign) is usually not typed when shown in a command. -It simply indicates that you do not need administrative privilages to run these commands.

- -

Test to see if you get this output in your terminal.

- -
+    How To Encrypt Your Own Documents Using gpg | tait.tech     
  
 
 
How To Encrypt Your Own Documents Using gpg
 Monday, April 06 2020 
 
 
 
If you have ever wanted to garuntee the utmost security of your emails and documents, then this is the guide for you! It should be noted that in some circles the tools used are more common than in others. These are the everyday tools of many privacy advocates and computer nerds.
 
If you have never used Linux however, then the method of doing this will be rather unfamiliar. This tutorial will be done on an Arch Linux machine, but it should be the same on Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, Debian, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, MacOSX, etc. The only operating system that does not include these tools by default (or easily accessible) is Windows.
 
This tutorial makes heavy use of the terminal. You have been warned.
 
Let us…begin!
 
Glossary
 
     
  • ASCII armour — A way to encode OpenPGP documents so they are readable by humans. These files end in .asc
    •  
  • (Open)PGP — An open standard for encoding pulbic keys and encrypted documents.
    •  
  • GPG — GNUPrivacyGaurd is an implementation of OpenPGP. It is installed by default on most Linux distrobutions.
    •  
 
Step 0: Setup
 
We will be using the utility gpg for this tutorial.
 
The other thing to note: The character ‘$’ (dollar sign) is usually not typed when shown in a command. It simply indicates that you do not need administrative privilages to run these commands.
 
Test to see if you get this output in your terminal.
 
 $ gpg --version
 
 gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.20
@@ -72,51 +7,13 @@ Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
 
 ...
-

-
-
If this is not successful look into how to install these tools on your system.

-
-
Step 1: Get/Create A Public Key!

-
-
Get Somebody Else’s

-
Step one is having somebody to send your encrypted message to. Maybe this is a friend, a journalist, or a whistleblower.

-
-
To encrypt a document with somebody’s public key, you need to first obtain it.
-My public key is available at this link, and you can use it to send me encrypted stuff.

-
-
If you are on a linux terminal, you can use the curl or wget command to download it.

-
-
wget:

-
+
 
If this is not successful look into how to install these tools on your system.
 
Step 1: Get/Create A Public Key!
 
Get Somebody Else’s
 
Step one is having somebody to send your encrypted message to. Maybe this is a friend, a journalist, or a whistleblower.
 
To encrypt a document with somebody’s public key, you need to first obtain it. My public key is available at this link, and you can use it to send me encrypted stuff.
 
If you are on a linux terminal, you can use the curl or wget command to download it.
 
wget:
 
 $ wget https://tait.tech/public-key.asc
-

-
-
Curl:

-
+
 
Curl:
 
 $ curl https://tait.tech/public-key.asc -o public-key.asc
-

-
-
Make Your Own (optional)

-
-
The following section is quite long,
-so if you don’t want to create your own keypair,
-then feel free to skip to Step #2.

-
-
If you want to encrypt your own documents,
-or you want others to be able to send you encrypted messages,
-then you can create your own public/private key pair.
-You can use these to encrypt your documents,
-and you can send our public key to others so that they can securely communicate with yourself.

-
-
Run the following command in your terminal, and follow the steps I outline to get you started.

-
-
+
 
Make Your Own (optional)
 
The following section is quite long, so if you don’t want to create your own keypair, then feel free to skip to Step #2.
 
If you want to encrypt your own documents, or you want others to be able to send you encrypted messages, then you can create your own public/private key pair. You can use these to encrypt your documents, and you can send our public key to others so that they can securely communicate with yourself.
 
Run the following command in your terminal, and follow the steps I outline to get you started.
 
 $ gpg --full-gen-key
-

-
-
This will produce the following dialog:

-
-
+
 
This will produce the following dialog:
 
 gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.20; Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
 There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
@@ -128,21 +25,10 @@ Please select what kind of key you want:
   (4) RSA (sign only)
   (14) Existing key from card
 Your selection? 
-

-
-
Select the option 1. You want two keys, both RSA.

-
-
Next we will select the key size:

-
+
 
Select the option 1. You want two keys, both RSA.
 
Next we will select the key size:
 
 RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
 What keysize do you want? (2048) 
-

-
-
Type the number 2048.

-
-
Next it will ask you how long you want the key to be valid.

-
-
+
 
Type the number 2048.
 
Next it will ask you how long you want the key to be valid.
 
 Requested keysize is 2048 bits
 Please specify how long the key should be valid.
           0 = key does not expire
@@ -151,29 +37,10 @@ Please specify how long the key should be valid.
        <n>m = key expires in n months
        <n>y = key expires in n years
 Key is valid for? (0)
-

-
-
Type the number 1. This will enable you time to test it,
-but it will make the key expire within 24 hours so that if you accidentally
-share your private key, or delete your VM and no longer have access to it, you will be fine.

-
-
It will ask your if you are sure about the expiry date.

-
-
+
 
Type the number 1. This will enable you time to test it, but it will make the key expire within 24 hours so that if you accidentally share your private key, or delete your VM and no longer have access to it, you will be fine.
 
It will ask your if you are sure about the expiry date.
 
 Key expires at Tue Apr  7 02:24:23 2020 UTC
 Is this correct? (y/N) 
-

-
-
Type y to confirm your choice.

-
-
Now gpg is going to ask you to create a user id to indetify this key.
-Use some test data for now.
-User input is in bold, feel free to follow along or to put your own test data in.

-
-
Once you are more comfortable with the tools,
-then you can create a public/private keypair that you will keep for some time.

-
-
+
 
Type y to confirm your choice.
 
Now gpg is going to ask you to create a user id to indetify this key. Use some test data for now. User input is in bold, feel free to follow along or to put your own test data in.
 
Once you are more comfortable with the tools, then you can create a public/private keypair that you will keep for some time.
 
 GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.
 
 Real name: Mr. Tester
@@ -183,30 +50,12 @@ You selected this USER-ID:
     "Mr. Tester (for testing only) <test@test.org>"
 
 Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O
-

-
-
It will then ask you for a password.
-If you are simply using this for test purposes,
-then you can feel free to set it to something like “test”.
-When create a long-term use pulbic key make sure to make the password very secure.

-
-
During the process of creating your key, gpg may warn you with this message:

-
-
+
 
It will then ask you for a password. If you are simply using this for test purposes, then you can feel free to set it to something like “test”. When create a long-term use pulbic key make sure to make the password very secure.
 
During the process of creating your key, gpg may warn you with this message:
 
 We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
 some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
 disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
 generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
-

-
-
If this happens, feel free to smash your keyboard (lightly),
-watch a YouTube video on the machine,
-browse the web with w3m,
-etc. until the key is generated.

-
-
You will know it is done when you see this message (or something similar):

-
-
+
 
If this happens, feel free to smash your keyboard (lightly), watch a YouTube video on the machine, browse the web with w3m, etc. until the key is generated.
 
You will know it is done when you see this message (or something similar):
 
 gpg: key EACCC490291EA7CE marked as ultimately trusted
 gpg: revocation certificate stored as '/home/tait/.config/gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d/FFA7D7525C6546983F1152D8EACCC490291EA7CE.rev'
 public and secret key created and signed.
@@ -215,95 +64,25 @@ pub   rsa2048 2020-04-06 [SC] [expires: 2020-04-07]
       FFA7D7525C6546983F1152D8EACCC490291EA7CE
       uid                      Mr. Tester (for testing only) <test@test.org>
       sub   rsa2048 2020-04-06 [E] [expires: 2020-04-07]
-

-
-
Tada! You have your own public/private keypair!

-
-
Sharing a keypair that will expire soon is not a good idea,
-however, if you are ready, then you can use this command to generate a public key file to share with others.

-
-
Feel free to substitute “Mr. Tester” for any other identifying part of your key.
-Remember that to use the email, you must enclose it in < and >.

-
-
+
 
Tada! You have your own public/private keypair!
 
Sharing a keypair that will expire soon is not a good idea, however, if you are ready, then you can use this command to generate a public key file to share with others.
 
Feel free to substitute “Mr. Tester” for any other identifying part of your key. Remember that to use the email, you must enclose it in < and >.
 
 $ gpg --export --armour "Mr. Tester" > public-key.asc
-

-
-
To use the email as the identifier:

-
+
 
To use the email as the identifier:
 
 $ gpg --export --armour "<test@test.org>" > public-key.asc
-

-
-
Step 2: Import Public Key

-
-
This list of keys that gpg keeps on tap so to speak, is called our “keyring”.
-Your will need to import a new public key to encrypt files with gpg.

-
-
If you already created your own public key, then this step is not necessary unless you want to also encrypt something for me :)

-
-

-  A keyring holding eight allen keys.
-  

-    A keyring holding eight allen keys.
-  

-

-
-
To import a public key to use for encrypting files, use the --import option of gpg. Like so:

-
-
+
 
Step 2: Import Public Key
 
This list of keys that gpg keeps on tap so to speak, is called our “keyring”. Your will need to import a new public key to encrypt files with gpg.
 
If you already created your own public key, then this step is not necessary unless you want to also encrypt something for me :)
 
 A keyring holding eight allen keys. 
 A keyring holding eight allen keys. 
 
 
To import a public key to use for encrypting files, use the --import option of gpg. Like so:
 
 $ gpg --import public-key.asc
 gpg: key 64FB4E386953BEAD: public key "Tait Hoyem <tait.hoyem@protonmail.com>" imported
 gpg: Total number processed: 1
 gpg:               imported: 1
-

-
-
Now that we have imported a public key, we can make a message to send!

-
-
Step 3: Have A Message To Encrypt

-
-
You can make a new file which holds some important, secret data.
-Feel free to use a graphical editor if you have one, if not, nano works alright too.

-
-
+
 
Now that we have imported a public key, we can make a message to send!
 
Step 3: Have A Message To Encrypt
 
You can make a new file which holds some important, secret data. Feel free to use a graphical editor if you have one, if not, nano works alright too.
 
   Rules Of A Good Life:
 
   1. Wash your hands!
   2. Work hard!
   3. Be firm.
   5. Have good friends!
-

-
-
Save this file as something like test-pgp.txt, and we’ll use that name later.

-
-
Step 4: Encrypt A Message

-
-
Now that we have a message to send and person to send to,
-all we have to do is encrypt this message and it’ll be on its merry way!
-To do so, we must specify two new options to gpg.

-
-
The first is --recipient.
-This tells gpg to encrypt using a certin public key that we have in our keyring.
-You can use the person’s name, email address, or the key’s uid.

-
-
The second is --encrypt.

-
-
You will also specify the --armour option to use ASCII armoured files. Put this option after --encrypt, and put the file name after --armour. See below.

-
-
You can either use your own public key name to encrypt a document (allowng only you to decrypt it),
-or you can use my public key that we imported earlier (allowing only me to decrypt it).
-Either way works fine.

-
-
This is the big one!

-
-
+
 
Save this file as something like test-pgp.txt, and we’ll use that name later.
 
Step 4: Encrypt A Message
 
Now that we have a message to send and person to send to, all we have to do is encrypt this message and it’ll be on its merry way! To do so, we must specify two new options to gpg.
 
The first is --recipient. This tells gpg to encrypt using a certin public key that we have in our keyring. You can use the person’s name, email address, or the key’s uid.
 
The second is --encrypt.
 
You will also specify the --armour option to use ASCII armoured files. Put this option after --encrypt, and put the file name after --armour. See below.
 
You can either use your own public key name to encrypt a document (allowng only you to decrypt it), or you can use my public key that we imported earlier (allowing only me to decrypt it). Either way works fine.
 
This is the big one!
 
 $ gpg --recipient "Tait Hoyem" --encrypt --armour test-gpg.txt
-

-
-
“But there is no output!” you might say!
-Yes, that is because our new (encrypted) file has already been saved.
-Let’s look at it with cat.

-
-
+
 
“But there is no output!” you might say! Yes, that is because our new (encrypted) file has already been saved. Let’s look at it with cat.
 
 $ cat test-gpg.txt.asc
 -----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----
 
@@ -324,24 +103,9 @@ jaDMzZnIKoax1GFz/coUAHFQub2rLzaQ5DDbvrkX++UrAjuUtRcSFH0TKhahZmCF
 nv117moLfK22Mst/
 =bw8T
 -----END PGP MESSAGE-----
-

-
-
Step 5: Decryption (optional)

-
-
If you created your own public/private keypair in step 1,
-and you encryped using --recipient "Your Test Name",
-then you can decrypt your document as well!

-
-
You will need to specify --decrypt, and that’s all folks!

-
-
+
 
Step 5: Decryption (optional)
 
If you created your own public/private keypair in step 1, and you encryped using --recipient "Your Test Name", then you can decrypt your document as well!
 
You will need to specify --decrypt, and that’s all folks!
 
 $ gpg --decrypt test-gpg.txt.asc
-

-
-
A password dialog will then come up asking for your previously created password.
-As long as you remember your password from before and enter it correctly: voila!

-
-
+
 
A password dialog will then come up asking for your previously created password. As long as you remember your password from before and enter it correctly: voila!
 
 gpg: encrypted with 4096-bit RSA key, ID 6989B986FCBE4225, created 2020-01-02
       "Tait Hoyem <tait.hoyem@protonmail.com>"
 Rules Of A Good Life:
@@ -350,35 +114,4 @@ Rules Of A Good Life:
 2. Work hard!
 3. Be firm.
 5. Have good friends!
-

-
-
Step 6: Finale!

-
-
Ladies and gentleman, you have done it!
-You have encrypted our very own document.
-(And maybe even decrypted it yourself too :)

-
-
If you encrypted using my public key,
-feel free to send it to my email.
-I am happy to verify if it worked.

-
-
For more information on this subject, check out gnugp.org’s guide on using GPG.
-They are the ones that make these tools available,
-and the GNU Project has been instrumental in creating the open-source world as it exists today.
-Give ‘em some love, eh!

-
-
Thank you so much for sticking through this whole thing!
-Let me know if there is anything that doesn’t make sense.
-I am happy to improve this guide as time goes on if that is necessary.

-
-
Happy hacking :)

-
-

-
-    
-
-  

-
-
+

Step 6: Finale!

Ladies and gentleman, you have done it! You have encrypted our very own document. (And maybe even decrypted it yourself too :)

If you encrypted using my public key, feel free to send it to my email. I am happy to verify if it worked.

For more information on this subject, check out gnugp.org’s guide on using GPG. They are the ones that make these tools available, and the GNU Project has been instrumental in creating the open-source world as it exists today. Give ‘em some love, eh!

Thank you so much for sticking through this whole thing! Let me know if there is anything that doesn’t make sense. I am happy to improve this guide as time goes on if that is necessary.

Happy hacking :)

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/04/12/nas1.html b/_site/2020/04/12/nas1.html index ca4544e..73517e3 100644 --- a/_site/2020/04/12/nas1.html +++ b/_site/2020/04/12/nas1.html @@ -1,94 +1 @@ - - - - - NAS Part 1: Theorize | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

NAS Part 1: Theorize

-

Sunday, April 12 2020

-
- -
-

New Project, phase one: -Theorize.

- -

I want to build a NAS server to store a bunch of data on. Current problem is lack of a computer to accept multiple SATA connections.

- -

Problem 1: SATA connectors

- -

This can be solved by an HBE card. Although they tend to be quite expensive (250+). -One decent model that isn’t that much is the LSI 9211-8I. -This is ideal for future expansion.

- -

A cheaper option is a PCIe multi-SATA connector like this.

- -

Either work, but one is cheaper and the other is more expandable. -The 9211-8I uses two SAS ports, which can be expanded indefinetely. SAS supports splitting. -SATA can be connected in a 4:1 ratio to SAS connectors with some cheap cables.

- -

Problem 2: Drives

-

I do not have enough drives to make this work right now. -For the setup I want it would require 5 or 6 drives. -I will get 4-5 drives worth of space as one drive worth of space is dedicated to “parity”, making you able to:

- -
    -
  1. Verify data integrity. If anything goes wrong with a write, it will be fixed automatically.
    2. -
  2. If one drive dies, the system can stay online with no problem. Two drives and I’m eff-you-see-kay-ed-dee.
    3. -
- -

My other option is to use two drives worth of space for partiy. -This would only have me 3-4 drives of space, but -this system can withstand the failure of two drives.

- -

Problem 3: Computer System

- -

I currently have 5 computers.

- -
    -
  1. Celery Stick. An old grey HP laptop with a Braille stickered keyboard. Does not work right now; bad thermal paste job.
    2. -
  2. A Dell laptop lent to me by my school during my studies.
    3. -
  3. Houston. A 21-inch 2011 iMac for which the screen does not work under Linux (excep with the nomodeset kernel option enabled).
    4. -
  4. An Old Toshiba laptop (circa 2010) that I got for $50 to test with OpenBSD (works….sometimes).
    5. -
  5. Main Rig. My main laptop is an ASUS-705 TUF gaming laptop.
    6. -
- -

None of these have PCIe expansion slots with a case that can handle the new drives.

- -

I think it’s reasonable to say that for hard-drives and low-end tower PCs, -I will likely have luck on a place like Kijiji (Canadian Craigslist).

- -

The search continues :)

- -

I’m in for a fun ride…. and a few monnies.

- -
- - - -
- - + NAS Part 1: Theorize | tait.tech

NAS Part 1: Theorize

Sunday, April 12 2020

New Project, phase one: Theorize.

I want to build a NAS server to store a bunch of data on. Current problem is lack of a computer to accept multiple SATA connections.

Problem 1: SATA connectors

This can be solved by an HBE card. Although they tend to be quite expensive (250+). One decent model that isn’t that much is the LSI 9211-8I. This is ideal for future expansion.

A cheaper option is a PCIe multi-SATA connector like this.

Either work, but one is cheaper and the other is more expandable. The 9211-8I uses two SAS ports, which can be expanded indefinetely. SAS supports splitting. SATA can be connected in a 4:1 ratio to SAS connectors with some cheap cables.

Problem 2: Drives

I do not have enough drives to make this work right now. For the setup I want it would require 5 or 6 drives. I will get 4-5 drives worth of space as one drive worth of space is dedicated to “parity”, making you able to:

  1. Verify data integrity. If anything goes wrong with a write, it will be fixed automatically.
  2. If one drive dies, the system can stay online with no problem. Two drives and I’m eff-you-see-kay-ed-dee.

My other option is to use two drives worth of space for partiy. This would only have me 3-4 drives of space, but this system can withstand the failure of two drives.

Problem 3: Computer System

I currently have 5 computers.

  1. Celery Stick. An old grey HP laptop with a Braille stickered keyboard. Does not work right now; bad thermal paste job.
  2. A Dell laptop lent to me by my school during my studies.
  3. Houston. A 21-inch 2011 iMac for which the screen does not work under Linux (excep with the nomodeset kernel option enabled).
  4. An Old Toshiba laptop (circa 2010) that I got for $50 to test with OpenBSD (works….sometimes).
  5. Main Rig. My main laptop is an ASUS-705 TUF gaming laptop.

None of these have PCIe expansion slots with a case that can handle the new drives.

I think it’s reasonable to say that for hard-drives and low-end tower PCs, I will likely have luck on a place like Kijiji (Canadian Craigslist).

The search continues :)

I’m in for a fun ride…. and a few monnies.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/04/21/rfi.html b/_site/2020/04/21/rfi.html index 88150fa..07bc6ed 100644 --- a/_site/2020/04/21/rfi.html +++ b/_site/2020/04/21/rfi.html @@ -1,60 +1,5 @@ - - - - - rfi: A Simple Linux utility to get a random file from a directory | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

rfi: A Simple Linux utility to get a random file from a directory

-

Tuesday, April 21 2020

-
- -
-

I made a little video about this script I wrote:

- -
+    rfi: A Simple Linux utility to get a random file from a directory | tait.tech     
  
 
 
rfi: A Simple Linux utility to get a random file from a directory
 Tuesday, April 21 2020 
 
 
 
I made a little video about this script I wrote:
 
 $ rfi
-

-
-
This program gets a random file from your current directory
-if you do not specify one;
-it gets a random file from the specified directory if you give it one like so:

-
-
+
 
This program gets a random file from your current directory if you do not specify one; it gets a random file from the specified directory if you give it one like so:
 
 # rfi /etc/wireguard
-

-
-
Which is very useful if you want to start a random VPN configuration :)

-
-
The code, comments, etc. are on the Github.

-
-

-
-    
-
-  

-
-
+

Which is very useful if you want to start a random VPN configuration :)

The code, comments, etc. are on the Github.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/04/25/xss.html b/_site/2020/04/25/xss.html index 6ffde06..3231410 100644 --- a/_site/2020/04/25/xss.html +++ b/_site/2020/04/25/xss.html @@ -1,139 +1,6 @@ - - - - - What is XSS? | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

What is XSS?

-

Saturday, April 25 2020

-
- -
-

I found a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack -in a well-known quiz hosting website. -I disclosed the vulnerability to them years ago, so I thought -now might be a good time to write about it.

- -

In this first article I will explain what XSS is.

- -

In the next article I will explain how I found this attack.

- -

What is cross-site scripting (XSS)

- -

Cross-site scripting, XSS for short, -is a technique to execute arbitrary Javascript code on a user visiting a website -by linking to Javascript code stored on another server.

- -

So for example:

- -

I have a file on my website called hacked.js. -If I was able to run this javascript file on anybody visiting a certain website that is not mine, this would be called cross-site scripting.

- -

Click the above hacked.js link to view the code I use to “hack” this website. -It’s safe, I promise ;)

- -

Now, how can we get this code to execute when a user visits this site? -To explain, I will start with some of the underlying technologies.

- -

Escape Characters!

- -

No, this is not a Sherlock Holmes novel!

- -

If we suppose that a website is built with sequences like these (called “tags”): -<body>, <p> (for paragraph), <link> and <b> for bold, -then why can you see the left and right angle bracket characters? -Don’t they mean something? Shouldn’t they be telling the browser: -“Hey! Make me bold!”? -Why doesn’t everything after me typing <b> turn bold?

- -

The answer is:

- -

There are special characters in HTML to type a visible left (<) -and visible right angle bracket (>) in a website. -If I use the left and right brackets on my keyboard however, -things will indeed show up bold.

- -

This is the code for the sentence I wrote above:

-
+    What is XSS? | tait.tech     
  
 
 
What is XSS?
 Saturday, April 25 2020 
 
 
 
I found a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack in a well-known quiz hosting website. I disclosed the vulnerability to them years ago, so I thought now might be a good time to write about it.
 
In this first article I will explain what XSS is.
 
In the next article I will explain how I found this attack.
 
What is cross-site scripting (XSS)
 
Cross-site scripting, XSS for short, is a technique to execute arbitrary Javascript code on a user visiting a website by linking to Javascript code stored on another server.
 
So for example:
 
I have a file on my website called hacked.js. If I was able to run this javascript file on anybody visiting a certain website that is not mine, this would be called cross-site scripting.
 
Click the above hacked.js link to view the code I use to “hack” this website. It’s safe, I promise ;)
 
Now, how can we get this code to execute when a user visits this site? To explain, I will start with some of the underlying technologies.
 
Escape Characters!
 
No, this is not a Sherlock Holmes novel!
 
If we suppose that a website is built with sequences like these (called “tags”): <body>, <p> (for paragraph), <link> and <b> for bold, then why can you see the left and right angle bracket characters? Don’t they mean something? Shouldn’t they be telling the browser: “Hey! Make me bold!”? Why doesn’t everything after me typing <b> turn bold?
 
The answer is:
 
There are special characters in HTML to type a visible left (<) and visible right angle bracket (>) in a website. If I use the left and right brackets on my keyboard however, things will indeed show up bold.
 
This is the code for the sentence I wrote above:
 
 There are special characters in HTML to type a visible left (&lt;)
 and visible right angle bracket (&gt;) in a website.
 If I use the left and right brackets on my keyboard however,
 things will indeed <b>show up bold</b>.
-

-
-
Notice how all visible left angle brackets use an &lt; to show them?

-
-
These are called escape characters.
-They tell a system, in this case your web browser:
-“Hello! Please show me off! I don’t want to be hidden.”

-
-
Sanitization

-
-
Most of the time XSS attacks are done using poorly sanitized HTML <input> elements.

-
-
Sanitization is when a program (usually on the server side),
-will remove characters like < and replace them with the aforementioned “escape characters”.
-Internally this would be something like &lt;,
-but they would show up to a user as <.

-
-
When inputs are not properly sanitized and the input is shown to the user in another part of the website,
-then a malicous user can type in HTML that will run whenever anybody tries to look at what they typed.
-For example: a name for a quiz website (input) and the leaderboard for said quiz (display).

-
-
HTML, by itself is not very dangerous.
-The worst thing you could do is probably put a link on your name,
-and then point it to a porn site.
-Make your name bold, italic. Maybe make the background a funny color.
-Although this may annoy your victim it is not dangerous security wise.

-
-
There is one tag however, that is scary…

-
-
<script>

-
-
The <script> tag allows you to write code that can:

-
-
    
-  
  1. Change the page contents.
    2. 
-  
  2. Redirect the user to a new page automatically.
    3. 
-  
  3. Get a user’s location.
    4. 
-  
  4. Open a user’s microphone/webcam.
    5. 
-  
  5. With the src attribute you can also load a script from another site. (This is XSS)
    6. 
-

-
-
Those last two will ask for permission from the user (if their browser isn’t insanely insecure).

-
-
In my next article I’ll talk about a website I found which is vulnerable to this attack.
-And, show you how you can run your own XSS attack.

-
-
-

-
-    
-
-  

-
-
+

Notice how all visible left angle brackets use an &lt; to show them?

These are called escape characters. They tell a system, in this case your web browser: “Hello! Please show me off! I don’t want to be hidden.”

Sanitization

Most of the time XSS attacks are done using poorly sanitized HTML <input> elements.

Sanitization is when a program (usually on the server side), will remove characters like < and replace them with the aforementioned “escape characters”. Internally this would be something like &lt;, but they would show up to a user as <.

When inputs are not properly sanitized and the input is shown to the user in another part of the website, then a malicous user can type in HTML that will run whenever anybody tries to look at what they typed. For example: a name for a quiz website (input) and the leaderboard for said quiz (display).

HTML, by itself is not very dangerous. The worst thing you could do is probably put a link on your name, and then point it to a porn site. Make your name bold, italic. Maybe make the background a funny color. Although this may annoy your victim it is not dangerous security wise.

There is one tag however, that is scary…

<script>

The <script> tag allows you to write code that can:

  1. Change the page contents.
  2. Redirect the user to a new page automatically.
  3. Get a user’s location.
  4. Open a user’s microphone/webcam.
  5. With the src attribute you can also load a script from another site. (This is XSS)

Those last two will ask for permission from the user (if their browser isn’t insanely insecure).

In my next article I’ll talk about a website I found which is vulnerable to this attack. And, show you how you can run your own XSS attack.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/05/01/nginx-socket-io-projects.html b/_site/2020/05/01/nginx-socket-io-projects.html index 7d4524d..9ed71ce 100644 --- a/_site/2020/05/01/nginx-socket-io-projects.html +++ b/_site/2020/05/01/nginx-socket-io-projects.html @@ -1,49 +1,4 @@ - - - - - How to use NGINX as a reverse-proxy server for a Node.js application using socket.io | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

How to use NGINX as a reverse-proxy server for a Node.js application using socket.io

-

Friday, May 01 2020

-
- -
-

Despite the long name of the article, I have a feeling this may apply to more people than I might think. -If you have a Node.js application which needs socket.io connections that you want to pass throgh nginx’s reverse_proxy directive then this is the article for you!

- -

You must seperate the socket.io sockets and the static resources.

- -
    -
  • The socket connections can be routed through the default $host/socket.io if you want to ease modifications to the source code.
    • -
  • The connections to your main npm Node.js application can be routed through the relevant directory.
    • -
- -

Here is the relevant part of my projects.tait.tech.conf file:

- -
+    How to use NGINX as a reverse-proxy server for a Node.js application using socket.io | tait.tech     
  
 
 
How to use NGINX as a reverse-proxy server for a Node.js application using socket.io
 Friday, May 01 2020 
 
 
 
Despite the long name of the article, I have a feeling this may apply to more people than I might think. If you have a Node.js application which needs socket.io connections that you want to pass throgh nginx’s reverse_proxy directive then this is the article for you!
 
You must seperate the socket.io sockets and the static resources.
 
     
  • The socket connections can be routed through the default $host/socket.io if you want to ease modifications to the source code.
    •  
  • The connections to your main npm Node.js application can be routed through the relevant directory.
    •  
 
Here is the relevant part of my projects.tait.tech.conf file:
 
 location /socket.io {
   proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/socket.io/;
   proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
@@ -59,43 +14,8 @@ location /ttrpg {
   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
 }
-

-
-
Explaination:

-
-
For this application,
-I needed the /ttrpg directory to connect to my main Node.js instance. This was going to be the root of a ttrpg project.
-It was to have static files served form my Node.js application.

-
-
I also needed /socket.io to conenct to my running npm instance.
-When I tried to route all the traffic through the /trrpg location directive
-I had no luck whatsoever;
-$host/ttrpg/socket.io/* calls always failed with a 404.

-
-
Having two seperate blocks forwarding in different ways seems to fix this.
-I am not knowledgable enough to understand how.

-
-
For now, the project is alive!!!

-
-
Happy hacking!

-
-
P.S. I forgot to mention I also symbolically linked the socket.io.js file (that node is supposed to serve automatically) to the static client dir.
-For some reson the node instance would not serve this file without that.

-
-
+
 
Explaination:
 
For this application, I needed the /ttrpg directory to connect to my main Node.js instance. This was going to be the root of a ttrpg project. It was to have static files served form my Node.js application.
 
I also needed /socket.io to conenct to my running npm instance. When I tried to route all the traffic through the /trrpg location directive I had no luck whatsoever; $host/ttrpg/socket.io/* calls always failed with a 404.
 
Having two seperate blocks forwarding in different ways seems to fix this. I am not knowledgable enough to understand how.
 
For now, the project is alive!!!
 
Happy hacking!
 
P.S. I forgot to mention I also symbolically linked the socket.io.js file (that node is supposed to serve automatically) to the static client dir. For some reson the node instance would not serve this file without that.
 
 $ pwd
 /home/user/ttrpg.co/client
 $ ln -s ../server/node_modules/socket.io-client/dist/socket.io.js .
-

-
-
Happy hacking 2.0!

-
-

-
-    
-
-  

-
-
+

Happy hacking 2.0!

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/05/19/clue-announcement.html b/_site/2020/05/19/clue-announcement.html index 1cc6f5d..2c6d44b 100644 --- a/_site/2020/05/19/clue-announcement.html +++ b/_site/2020/05/19/clue-announcement.html @@ -1,58 +1 @@ - - - - - New Game: Clue (coming soon) | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

New Game: Clue (coming soon)

-

Tuesday, May 19 2020

-
- -
-

Ooo! Exciting! -Today I want to announce a new project I’ll be working on which should be live within the month of May: -Clue.

- -

The original board game, implemented in an accessible format via the web.

- -

It uses a Node.js backend and standard Javascript/HTML frontend. -Nothing fancy.

- -

All the code will be hosted here: https://github.com/TTWNO/clue

- -

It will be licensed under the BSD-3 license, meaning it can be used for any reason—even commercially and without source-code disclosure—without prior authorization, but it must acknowledge that I helped build the end product.

- -

Once the project is live, it will be located at: Lame Games (currently a dead link).

- - -
- - - -
- - + New Game: Clue (coming soon) | tait.tech

New Game: Clue (coming soon)

Tuesday, May 19 2020

Ooo! Exciting! Today I want to announce a new project I’ll be working on which should be live within the month of May: Clue.

The original board game, implemented in an accessible format via the web.

It uses a Node.js backend and standard Javascript/HTML frontend. Nothing fancy.

All the code will be hosted here: https://github.com/TTWNO/clue

It will be licensed under the BSD-3 license, meaning it can be used for any reason—even commercially and without source-code disclosure—without prior authorization, but it must acknowledge that I helped build the end product.

Once the project is live, it will be located at: Lame Games (currently a dead link).

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/06/04/site-update.html b/_site/2020/06/04/site-update.html index 2a6a668..f7c8ffa 100644 --- a/_site/2020/06/04/site-update.html +++ b/_site/2020/06/04/site-update.html @@ -1,49 +1 @@ - - - - - Site Update | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

Site Update

-

Thursday, June 04 2020

-
- -
-

I updated the site with some easier to identify information about me and my projects :)

- -

Also, Clue has been delayed due to my partner in crime on the project wokring too many hours.

- -

I also posted a new project called Caesar Cipher in C. It will be an intermediate example of how to use build systems like make.

- - -
- - - -
- - + Site Update | tait.tech

Site Update

Thursday, June 04 2020

I updated the site with some easier to identify information about me and my projects :)

Also, Clue has been delayed due to my partner in crime on the project wokring too many hours.

I also posted a new project called Caesar Cipher in C. It will be an intermediate example of how to use build systems like make.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/06/25/tmux-minecraft.html b/_site/2020/06/25/tmux-minecraft.html index 962c579..04a6ef2 100644 --- a/_site/2020/06/25/tmux-minecraft.html +++ b/_site/2020/06/25/tmux-minecraft.html @@ -1,174 +1,21 @@ - - - - - How to use tmux to send and receive things from your Minecraft server | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

How to use tmux to send and receive things from your Minecraft server

-

Thursday, June 25 2020

-
- -
-

So recently I had problem. -I run a Minecraft server on a big Linux computer I have running in my room. -Now, as a system administrator it is very helpful to be able to run some simple commands without needing to login with my key, password, TFA, etc. -It is, frankly, a lot of work. -Especially when I really just want to be playing games but I just need to check something quickly.

- -

So for simple things like finding out of the network, CPU, memory or disk usage is my bottleneck, I wrote this really nifty script to connect the world of Minecraft and the Linux shell.

- -

My completed solution for what I needed can be found at https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft.

- -

If you want some of the implementation details, stick around.

- -

Solution

- -

So to solve this interesting problem, I decided to use tmux. -tmux is a tterminal multiplexer. -This allows you to run a terminal session, then detach fromc it while it still runs in the background.

- -

This is very valuable when running command line applications that need to have an active console connection, like a Minecraft server.

- -

So first I looked at the tmux command send-keys.

- -

send-keys

- -

send-keys allows you to send text, and key presses to a tmux session. -Now assuming this tmux session is attached to a Minecraft server, -there is no reason you could not run a command like this:

- -
+    How to use tmux to send and receive things from your Minecraft server | tait.tech     
  
 
 
How to use tmux to send and receive things from your Minecraft server
 Thursday, June 25 2020 
 
 
 
So recently I had problem. I run a Minecraft server on a big Linux computer I have running in my room. Now, as a system administrator it is very helpful to be able to run some simple commands without needing to login with my key, password, TFA, etc. It is, frankly, a lot of work. Especially when I really just want to be playing games but I just need to check something quickly.
 
So for simple things like finding out of the network, CPU, memory or disk usage is my bottleneck, I wrote this really nifty script to connect the world of Minecraft and the Linux shell.
 
My completed solution for what I needed can be found at https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft.
 
If you want some of the implementation details, stick around.
 
Solution
 
So to solve this interesting problem, I decided to use tmux. tmux is a tterminal multiplexer. This allows you to run a terminal session, then detach fromc it while it still runs in the background.
 
This is very valuable when running command line applications that need to have an active console connection, like a Minecraft server.
 
So first I looked at the tmux command send-keys.
 
send-keys
 
send-keys allows you to send text, and key presses to a tmux session. Now assuming this tmux session is attached to a Minecraft server, there is no reason you could not run a command like this:
 
 $ tmux send-keys "tell @a This is a Test" Enter
-

-
-
This will send the text “tell @a This is a Test” to the Minecraft server.
-Then, it will hit the newline character, this will execute the command.

-
-
So now we can send information to the server and have it tell the users something.

-
-
But how do we get information about who is typing what in the Minecraft chat?

-
-
tmux’s capture-pane is painful

-
-
So in the manual page for tmux I can see a section recorded below for options I can give to the capture-pane subcommand.

-
-
+
 
This will send the text “tell @a This is a Test” to the Minecraft server. Then, it will hit the newline character, this will execute the command.
 
So now we can send information to the server and have it tell the users something.
 
But how do we get information about who is typing what in the Minecraft chat?
 
tmux’s capture-pane is painful
 
So in the manual page for tmux I can see a section recorded below for options I can give to the capture-pane subcommand.
 
   -S and -E specify the starting and ending line numbers,
   zero is the first line of the visible pane and negative
   numbers are lines in the history.  ‘-’ to -S is the start
   of the history and to -E the end of the visible pane.  The
   default is to capture only the visible contents of the pane.
-

-
-
What it seems to be saying is I can start at line -S n and end at line -E n.
-Negative numbers start from the bottom, so in theory I can do the following: tmux capture-pane -S -1 should capture only the last line, because I’m starting from the last line. Right?

-
-
No. It just doesn’t work. Negative numbers do not work with the tmux capture-pane subcommand.

-
-
So I did some simple UNIX piping, like so, to get just the last thing in the chat.

-
-
+
 
What it seems to be saying is I can start at line -S n and end at line -E n. Negative numbers start from the bottom, so in theory I can do the following: tmux capture-pane -S -1 should capture only the last line, because I’m starting from the last line. Right?
 
No. It just doesn’t work. Negative numbers do not work with the tmux capture-pane subcommand.
 
So I did some simple UNIX piping, like so, to get just the last thing in the chat.
 
 $ tmux capture-pane -p -t steve | tail -n1
 [SERVER] [ExtraDebuggingInfoHere]: <TaterTheTot> MY_MESSAGE
-

-
TaterTheTot is my Minecraft username :)

-
-
-p prints the result to the terminal/stdout.

-
-
steve is the name of the tmux session I’m trying to pull form.

-
-
So that’s done! Beauty!

-
-
Now that we have that, how can we extract the username and the message from the latest line?

-
-
grep

-
-
grep is a command to find patterns of text.
-grep has an option to only show a matching pattern of text.
-This option is -o.

-
-
Let’s see how we can use this in conjunction with our latest line of server output to get our results.

-
-
+
 
TaterTheTot is my Minecraft username :)
 
-p prints the result to the terminal/stdout.
 
steve is the name of the tmux session I’m trying to pull form.
 
So that’s done! Beauty!
 
Now that we have that, how can we extract the username and the message from the latest line?
 
grep
 
grep is a command to find patterns of text. grep has an option to only show a matching pattern of text. This option is -o.
 
Let’s see how we can use this in conjunction with our latest line of server output to get our results.
 
 $ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: <TaterTheTot> MY_MESAGE" | grep -o "<.*>"
 <TaterTheTot>
-

-
-
Now, that’s my name with the < and > attached. Not bad!
-We can use the sed command to clean it up a bit.

-
-
The syntax is like so: select/somepattern/replacewith/global

-
-
So the following command is: s/[<>]//g

-
-
Select any characters that are either < or >.
-Replace with nothing.
-Do so globally (as in, don’t stop after you replace only one character).

-
-
Take two!

-
-
+
 
Now, that’s my name with the < and > attached. Not bad! We can use the sed command to clean it up a bit.
 
The syntax is like so: select/somepattern/replacewith/global
 
So the following command is: s/[<>]//g
 
Select any characters that are either < or >. Replace with nothing. Do so globally (as in, don’t stop after you replace only one character).
 
Take two!
 
 $ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: <TaterTheTot> MY_MESAGE" | grep -o "<.*>" | sed 's/[<>]//g'
 TaterTheTot
-

-
-
Beautiful!

-
-
Now what about that pesky message?

-
-
more grep; more sed

-
-
Simple: capture everything after the >. Leaving the user’s message entirely in tact.

-
-
+
 
Beautiful!
 
Now what about that pesky message?
 
more grep; more sed
 
Simple: capture everything after the >. Leaving the user’s message entirely in tact.
 
 $ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: <TaterTheTot> MY_MESAGE" | grep -o ">.*$" | sed 's/> //'
 MY_MESSAGE
-

-
-
So now we have a way to get the username of someone typing in the Minecraft server chat.
-We have a way to find out what they said.
-And, we have a way to respond.

-
-
You can imagine how these might go together for your own use case.

-
-
Conclusion

-
-
This shows some pretty fun stuff you can do with a few simple Linux commands and a Minecraft server.

-
-
I hope you learned something and found my explanations not horrific haha!

-
-
Remember to checkout the git repository to see what I did with it: https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft.

-
-
Happy hacking!

-
-

-
-    
-
-  

-
-
+

So now we have a way to get the username of someone typing in the Minecraft server chat. We have a way to find out what they said. And, we have a way to respond.

You can imagine how these might go together for your own use case.

Conclusion

This shows some pretty fun stuff you can do with a few simple Linux commands and a Minecraft server.

I hope you learned something and found my explanations not horrific haha!

Remember to checkout the git repository to see what I did with it: https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft.

Happy hacking!

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/07/12/independence.html b/_site/2020/07/12/independence.html index 5763982..7af5b8e 100644 --- a/_site/2020/07/12/independence.html +++ b/_site/2020/07/12/independence.html @@ -1,82 +1 @@ - - - - - Independence | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

Independence

-

Sunday, July 12 2020

-
- -
-
-

“When given a choice between independence and dependence, always choose independence; you will never regret that choice!”—Luke Smith

-
- -

Whatever you may believe about the YouTube personality Luke Smith, -the quote above summarizes a core principle of mine. -Much like many people have religious principles, I have Independence.

- -

My choice to use Linux as my primary operating system, -host my own website, -own my own domain name—all of these are directly related to this core principle of independence.

- -

I never want a man, or a company to have too much power over my life. -Just like I would not trust just any person to be able to read my emails, -know where I live, where I am going, who are my friends, what do I believe; in the same way, I do not trust a company with that same information.

- -
-

“If you want to find out what a man is to the bottom, give him power. Any man can stand adversity — only a great man can stand prosperity.”—Robert Ingersoll

-
- -

Take control of your own digital life:

- -
    -
  1. Own your own domain.
    2. -
  2. Hookup an email and a website to that.
    3. -
- -

That’s it!

- -

Without this, any of your internet privileges can be revoked at any time by Google, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, or even an angry Twitter Mob. Maybe because they hate your skin colour, maybe they hate your religious/political views, or maybe you got caught on a technicality.

- -

If you own your own domain, however:

- -

Your email provider goes down/bans you: change your provider; keep the email.

- -

Your website is pulled for controversial views: switch hosts.

- -

Protect yourself; give yourself choices. -Why give others that power when you could have it for yourself?

- -
- - - -
- - + Independence | tait.tech

Independence

Sunday, July 12 2020

“When given a choice between independence and dependence, always choose independence; you will never regret that choice!”—Luke Smith

Whatever you may believe about the YouTube personality Luke Smith, the quote above summarizes a core principle of mine. Much like many people have religious principles, I have Independence.

My choice to use Linux as my primary operating system, host my own website, own my own domain name—all of these are directly related to this core principle of independence.

I never want a man, or a company to have too much power over my life. Just like I would not trust just any person to be able to read my emails, know where I live, where I am going, who are my friends, what do I believe; in the same way, I do not trust a company with that same information.

“If you want to find out what a man is to the bottom, give him power. Any man can stand adversity — only a great man can stand prosperity.”—Robert Ingersoll

Take control of your own digital life:

  1. Own your own domain.
  2. Hookup an email and a website to that.

That’s it!

Without this, any of your internet privileges can be revoked at any time by Google, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, or even an angry Twitter Mob. Maybe because they hate your skin colour, maybe they hate your religious/political views, or maybe you got caught on a technicality.

If you own your own domain, however:

Your email provider goes down/bans you: change your provider; keep the email.

Your website is pulled for controversial views: switch hosts.

Protect yourself; give yourself choices. Why give others that power when you could have it for yourself?

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/07/19/multicraft-php-gentoo.html b/_site/2020/07/19/multicraft-php-gentoo.html index 0cd7198..5b830ab 100644 --- a/_site/2020/07/19/multicraft-php-gentoo.html +++ b/_site/2020/07/19/multicraft-php-gentoo.html @@ -1,61 +1,6 @@ - - - - - Installing MultiCraft on Gentoo Linux | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

Installing MultiCraft on Gentoo Linux

-

Sunday, July 19 2020

-
- -
-

In a very odd combination of requirements, -I needed to install MultiCraft on a Gentoo Linux system. -The PHP USE flags are important so you don’t have to recompile it three times like I did.

- -

Here are some useful tips I came across:

- -

PHP USE flags

- -

In /etc/portage/package.use/php I placed the following line:

- -
+    Installing MultiCraft on Gentoo Linux | tait.tech     
  
 
 
Installing MultiCraft on Gentoo Linux
 Sunday, July 19 2020 
 
 
 
In a very odd combination of requirements, I needed to install MultiCraft on a Gentoo Linux system. The PHP USE flags are important so you don’t have to recompile it three times like I did.
 
Here are some useful tips I came across:
 
PHP USE flags
 
In /etc/portage/package.use/php I placed the following line:
 
 dev-lang/php cgi mysql mysqli fpm pdo gd truetype
-

-
-
This should give you enough for a mysql backended MultiCraft installation.
-The cgi option may not be required as fpm stands for FastCGI Process Managment.
-I don’t know for sure though.

-
-
Paper

-
-
This will grab the latest version of the Paper jar file using YivesMirror.
-I’m not sure how reputable it is,
-but my buddy who works with this stuff more often than me seemed to recognize it.

-
-
+
 
This should give you enough for a mysql backended MultiCraft installation. The cgi option may not be required as fpm stands for FastCGI Process Managment. I don’t know for sure though.
 
Paper
 
This will grab the latest version of the Paper jar file using YivesMirror. I’m not sure how reputable it is, but my buddy who works with this stuff more often than me seemed to recognize it.
 
 ## See the default craftbukkit.jar.conf for a detailed documentation of the
 ## format of this file.
 [config]
@@ -70,36 +15,12 @@ category = Mods
 
 [start]
 command = "{JAVA}" -Xmx{MAX_MEMORY}M -Xms{START_MEMORY}M -XX:MaxPermSize=128M -Djline.terminal=jline.UnsupportedTerminal -jar "{JAR}" nogui
-

-
-
Other Tips

-
-
Do not use the option to setup a separate user for each server.
-This completely stalled any work getting done with a ton of ‘permission denied’ errors.

-
-
Security

-
-
If the panel is in the root directory of your NGINX web server,
-use the following in your server block to deny access to the /protected directory.

-
-
+
 
Other Tips
 
Do not use the option to setup a separate user for each server. This completely stalled any work getting done with a ton of ‘permission denied’ errors.
 
Security
 
If the panel is in the root directory of your NGINX web server, use the following in your server block to deny access to the /protected directory.
 
 location /protected {
   deny all;
   return 404;
 }
-

-
-
MySQL

-
-
It is always good practice to separate privileges.
-The MultiCraft daemon should have one SQL login,
-with one database allocated to it.
-The MultiCraft panel should have a separate SQL login,
-with a separate database allocated to it.

-
-
You can do this with the following commands in your MySQL prompt:

-
-
+
 
MySQL
 
It is always good practice to separate privileges. The MultiCraft daemon should have one SQL login, with one database allocated to it. The MultiCraft panel should have a separate SQL login, with a separate database allocated to it.
 
You can do this with the following commands in your MySQL prompt:
 
 sql> CREATE DATABASE multicraft_daemon_database;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
@@ -118,20 +39,4 @@ Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 sql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON multicraft_panel_database . * TO 'mutlicraft_panel'@'localhost';
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
-

-
-
During setup, make sure the proper credentials are used for each step.
-Database 1 is the panel database.
-Database 2 is the daemon database.

-
-
Happy hacking :)

-
-

-
-    
-
-  

-
-
+

During setup, make sure the proper credentials are used for each step. Database 1 is the panel database. Database 2 is the daemon database.

Happy hacking :)

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/07/30/canadian-parliament.html b/_site/2020/07/30/canadian-parliament.html index d6c1a70..3174d6f 100644 --- a/_site/2020/07/30/canadian-parliament.html +++ b/_site/2020/07/30/canadian-parliament.html @@ -1,88 +1 @@ - - - - - Know How Your Representative Votes In Parliament | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

Know How Your Representative Votes In Parliament

-

Thursday, July 30 2020

-
- -
-

As an advocate for openness, I had an idea to make a project out of the government of Canada’s Open Data -initiative to take a look at how my local MP voted on various pieces of legislation. -It turns out though that this was not necessary due to how easy it was to find this information on the government’s own website. -In this article, I will explain how you can do the same.

- -

1. Find Your Representative

- -

The first step in this process is to find who your representative is. -To do so, go to the government’s own website -ourcommons.ca’s search tool.

- -

Simply type in your postal code in the search box to find out who your MP is.

- -

2. Their Voting Record

- -

Every MP’s voting record is public knowledge, -and it is available nice and simple in a table on that MP’s page. -For example, this is a link to -Pierre Poilievre’s voting record.

- -

To find your MP’s voting record, do step one, then: -After the Overview, and Seat in The House sections, -there are three tabs, Roles, Work, and Contact. -Click on work. -At the bottom of that tab is a link which says Chamber Votes. -This will open a small window with some recent votes by this politician. -If you want to see all their votes, there is a button at the bottom named All Votes by This Member.

- -

Tada! You can now keep your local MP accountable for anything you do or do not support.

- -

3. Bill Details

- -

If you want to get into the nitty gritty, -once you open a specific bill, you can actually find out the status of said bill, -or read the actual text by clicking the View this Bill on LEGISinfo button.

- -

Both the status of the bill, and a link to a PDF document containing the bilingual text of the bill are visible in the main body of the page.

- -

Conclusion

- -

I thought this was pretty cool! -It was way simpler than I thought it would be.

- -

Thanks, Canada!

- - -
- - - -
- - + Know How Your Representative Votes In Parliament | tait.tech

Know How Your Representative Votes In Parliament

Thursday, July 30 2020

As an advocate for openness, I had an idea to make a project out of the government of Canada’s Open Data initiative to take a look at how my local MP voted on various pieces of legislation. It turns out though that this was not necessary due to how easy it was to find this information on the government’s own website. In this article, I will explain how you can do the same.

1. Find Your Representative

The first step in this process is to find who your representative is. To do so, go to the government’s own website ourcommons.ca’s search tool.

Simply type in your postal code in the search box to find out who your MP is.

2. Their Voting Record

Every MP’s voting record is public knowledge, and it is available nice and simple in a table on that MP’s page. For example, this is a link to Pierre Poilievre’s voting record.

To find your MP’s voting record, do step one, then: After the Overview, and Seat in The House sections, there are three tabs, Roles, Work, and Contact. Click on work. At the bottom of that tab is a link which says Chamber Votes. This will open a small window with some recent votes by this politician. If you want to see all their votes, there is a button at the bottom named All Votes by This Member.

Tada! You can now keep your local MP accountable for anything you do or do not support.

3. Bill Details

If you want to get into the nitty gritty, once you open a specific bill, you can actually find out the status of said bill, or read the actual text by clicking the View this Bill on LEGISinfo button.

Both the status of the bill, and a link to a PDF document containing the bilingual text of the bill are visible in the main body of the page.

Conclusion

I thought this was pretty cool! It was way simpler than I thought it would be.

Thanks, Canada!

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/08/15/openbsd1.html b/_site/2020/08/15/openbsd1.html index d95589e..bf3c4ea 100644 --- a/_site/2020/08/15/openbsd1.html +++ b/_site/2020/08/15/openbsd1.html @@ -1,77 +1 @@ - - - - - BSD Journey, Part 1 | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

BSD Journey, Part 1

-

Saturday, August 15 2020

-
- -
-

As Linux becomes controlled by corporate sponsors and becomes more full of proprietary blobs, drivers, and even closed-source software like Steam, -One may wonder if there are other options out there. -For me, somebody that is intensely interested in security, there is one option: OpenBSD.

- -

Now, my interest in OpenBSD has been going on for a long time. -I started poking around for Linux alternatives way back a few years ago when Linus Torvalds decided to leave after he got in trouble for some -unprofessional behaviour. -That said, Linus did come back to Linux development, -but I knew that his abrasive style is what brought good code to the Linux kernel. -I also knew that his ability to be critical would be hurt by the new -code of conduct. -It would become a tool for the SJW types to hammer on Linus for being a “white male, et al.”; -It would become a tool for the easily offended to use to get their dumb code into Linux; -It would become a tool for the corporatization, the HR-ification of Linux. -Frankly, this does not interest me.

- -

Now I’m sure that OpenBSD has its own internal policies that I disagree with. -That said, Theo De Raadt is still at least known for calling Firefox an “amorphous peace of garbage” due to its lack of privilege separation. -And, in their project goals page, they specifically mention:

- -
-

Be as politics-free as possible; solutions should be decided on the basis of technical merit.

-
- -

Now that’s something I can get behind! -Bet you that’s not in the Linux COC?

- -

He also went to university in my hometown, so that’s pretty cool! -I can support a local madman who thinks he can make a better operating system than all those corporations. -Maybe he was right, maybe not. What I know is I am excited to find out!

- -

Wish my luck on my OpenBSD journey. I will post updates here along the way.

- -

Happy hacking!

- -
- - - -
- - + BSD Journey, Part 1 | tait.tech

BSD Journey, Part 1

Saturday, August 15 2020

As Linux becomes controlled by corporate sponsors and becomes more full of proprietary blobs, drivers, and even closed-source software like Steam, One may wonder if there are other options out there. For me, somebody that is intensely interested in security, there is one option: OpenBSD.

Now, my interest in OpenBSD has been going on for a long time. I started poking around for Linux alternatives way back a few years ago when Linus Torvalds decided to leave after he got in trouble for some unprofessional behaviour. That said, Linus did come back to Linux development, but I knew that his abrasive style is what brought good code to the Linux kernel. I also knew that his ability to be critical would be hurt by the new code of conduct. It would become a tool for the SJW types to hammer on Linus for being a “white male, et al.”; It would become a tool for the easily offended to use to get their dumb code into Linux; It would become a tool for the corporatization, the HR-ification of Linux. Frankly, this does not interest me.

Now I’m sure that OpenBSD has its own internal policies that I disagree with. That said, Theo De Raadt is still at least known for calling Firefox an “amorphous peace of garbage” due to its lack of privilege separation. And, in their project goals page, they specifically mention:

Be as politics-free as possible; solutions should be decided on the basis of technical merit.

Now that’s something I can get behind! Bet you that’s not in the Linux COC?

He also went to university in my hometown, so that’s pretty cool! I can support a local madman who thinks he can make a better operating system than all those corporations. Maybe he was right, maybe not. What I know is I am excited to find out!

Wish my luck on my OpenBSD journey. I will post updates here along the way.

Happy hacking!

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/08/18/django-deployment.html b/_site/2020/08/18/django-deployment.html index 6ae494b..f632a2d 100644 --- a/_site/2020/08/18/django-deployment.html +++ b/_site/2020/08/18/django-deployment.html @@ -1,81 +1,6 @@ - - - - - How to Solve The Django Deployment Puzzle | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

How to Solve The Django Deployment Puzzle

-

Tuesday, August 18 2020

-
- -
-

A few days ago I had a Django project I wanted to put on a real server. -This project is still in its infancy, but I thought it would be nice to put it on my resume and show my friends. -Little did I know the headache coming my way. -Here are some tips to help you not make the same mistakes as me.

- -

ASGI Servers

- -

Because my project used the ASGI (Asynchronous webServer Gateway Interface), -I needed to find a good production ASGI server to handle all the incoming requests. -The best thing I found was uvicorn. -It focuses on speed, which is a priority, especially when using the ASGI protocol.

- -

To run uvicorn on the command line for testing purposes, use something like the following:

- -
+    How to Solve The Django Deployment Puzzle | tait.tech     
  
 
 
How to Solve The Django Deployment Puzzle
 Tuesday, August 18 2020 
 
 
 
A few days ago I had a Django project I wanted to put on a real server. This project is still in its infancy, but I thought it would be nice to put it on my resume and show my friends. Little did I know the headache coming my way. Here are some tips to help you not make the same mistakes as me.
 
ASGI Servers
 
Because my project used the ASGI (Asynchronous webServer Gateway Interface), I needed to find a good production ASGI server to handle all the incoming requests. The best thing I found was uvicorn. It focuses on speed, which is a priority, especially when using the ASGI protocol.
 
To run uvicorn on the command line for testing purposes, use something like the following:
 
 $ uvicorn --reload myapp.asgi:application
-

-
-
The --reload option says to reload the server if any of the files get updated.
-This is not recommended in production.
-Sadly, I thought this meant I would need to do a hard shutdown of the server process every time I wanted to update.
-This turned out to not be the case.

-
-
Workload Managers

-
-
There is another equine-named program called gunicorn
-which can hold a number of processes under its control.
-An interesting feature of gunicorn is that it will gracefully switch from an old to a new deployment,
-replacing the subprocesses one-by-one and eventually having only the new deployment active on all subprocesses.
-The greatest part? Zero down time.
-The server keeps any old processes open if there is communication with them,
-then shift and new connections to the new deployment.
-This was a very cool feature I wanted to take advantage of.

-
-
“Now hold on!” you might protest.
-“gunicorn is a WSGI server!” … oh you got me there!
-Yes, that’s right, gunicorn is paired with uvicorn to serve my files.

-
-
systemd

-
-
Love it or hate it, the majority of Linux distributions use the systemd init system.
-I decided it would be very convenient to have a .service file for my Django application to run automatically at boot.
-Systemd allows me to do this with a file like the following one I stored in /lib/systemd/system/lamegames.service.

-
-
+
 
The --reload option says to reload the server if any of the files get updated. This is not recommended in production. Sadly, I thought this meant I would need to do a hard shutdown of the server process every time I wanted to update. This turned out to not be the case.
 
Workload Managers
 
There is another equine-named program called gunicorn which can hold a number of processes under its control. An interesting feature of gunicorn is that it will gracefully switch from an old to a new deployment, replacing the subprocesses one-by-one and eventually having only the new deployment active on all subprocesses. The greatest part? Zero down time. The server keeps any old processes open if there is communication with them, then shift and new connections to the new deployment. This was a very cool feature I wanted to take advantage of.
 
“Now hold on!” you might protest. “gunicorn is a WSGI server!” … oh you got me there! Yes, that’s right, gunicorn is paired with uvicorn to serve my files.
 
systemd
 
Love it or hate it, the majority of Linux distributions use the systemd init system. I decided it would be very convenient to have a .service file for my Django application to run automatically at boot. Systemd allows me to do this with a file like the following one I stored in /lib/systemd/system/lamegames.service.
 
 [Unit]
 Description=Gunicorn/Uvicorn (lamegames.io)
 
@@ -89,28 +14,7 @@ Restart=always
 
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
-

-
-
nginx

-
-
NGINX (pronounced engine-X) is a performance web server designed for speed and simplicity.
-For the front facing side of the site, I do need a production web server like nginx.
-Gunicorn simply doesn’t need all the features that nginx provides, but I do.
-To configure my nginx installation, I used the following few directives to:

-
-
    
-  
  1. Redirect most traffic towards the gunicorn server.
    2. 
-  
  2. Redirect statically served files (CSS, JS, images) to the directory specified in the STATIC_ROOT variable of my settings.py file.
    3. 
-  
  3. Use TLS to enable https://
    4. 
-

-
-
Serving the static files from nginx as opposed to the gunicorn server is necessary.
-Gunicorn and other production A/WSGI web server will not set the proper MIME type over TLS.
-This will cause your browser to not load the Javascript/CSS.

-
-
This is the important part of my nginx config.

-
-
+
 
nginx
 
NGINX (pronounced engine-X) is a performance web server designed for speed and simplicity. For the front facing side of the site, I do need a production web server like nginx. Gunicorn simply doesn’t need all the features that nginx provides, but I do. To configure my nginx installation, I used the following few directives to:
 
     
  1. Redirect most traffic towards the gunicorn server.
    2.  
  2. Redirect statically served files (CSS, JS, images) to the directory specified in the STATIC_ROOT variable of my settings.py file.
    3.  
  3. Use TLS to enable https://
    4.  
 
Serving the static files from nginx as opposed to the gunicorn server is necessary. Gunicorn and other production A/WSGI web server will not set the proper MIME type over TLS. This will cause your browser to not load the Javascript/CSS.
 
This is the important part of my nginx config.
 
 server {
     location / {
         proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
@@ -131,34 +35,6 @@ server {
         alias /home/lame/lamegames.io/static_generated;
     }
 }
-

-
-
Setup

-
-
After all that, I was able to do the following:

-
-
+
 
Setup
 
After all that, I was able to do the following:
 
 # systemctl enable lamegames
-

-
-
This enabled my gunicorn server to run once the server started.
-NGINX is that way be default.

-
-
And tada! You now have a working Django project on a production server!

-
-
Notes

-
-
    
-  
  • If using ws:// websockets, change them to wss:// for secure web sockets.
    • 
-  
  • Make sure to use channels.routing.get_default_application() instead of django.get_asgi_application() if your’re wanting to use channels/redis WebSockets.
    • 
-

-
-

-
-    
-
-  

-
-
+

This enabled my gunicorn server to run once the server started. NGINX is that way be default.

And tada! You now have a working Django project on a production server!

Notes

  • If using ws:// websockets, change them to wss:// for secure web sockets.
  • Make sure to use channels.routing.get_default_application() instead of django.get_asgi_application() if your’re wanting to use channels/redis WebSockets.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/09/09/lamegames.html b/_site/2020/09/09/lamegames.html index b5bfbec..eb757a0 100644 --- a/_site/2020/09/09/lamegames.html +++ b/_site/2020/09/09/lamegames.html @@ -1,52 +1 @@ - - - - - lamegames.tait.tech | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

lamegames.tait.tech

-

Wednesday, September 09 2020

-
- -
-

This is an announcement for a new project of mine: -lamegames.tait.tech.

- -

This is something I’m really excited to work on!

- -

Right now, I’ve just got a rock-paper-scissors game. -A chat function, and a few simple card games to come.

- -

Check out the repository on my Github.

- -
- - - -
- - + lamegames.tait.tech | tait.tech

lamegames.tait.tech

Wednesday, September 09 2020

This is an announcement for a new project of mine: lamegames.tait.tech.

This is something I’m really excited to work on!

Right now, I’ve just got a rock-paper-scissors game. A chat function, and a few simple card games to come.

Check out the repository on my Github.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/2020/09/12/minesweeper.html b/_site/2020/09/12/minesweeper.html index a8a5eaa..056e45a 100644 --- a/_site/2020/09/12/minesweeper.html +++ b/_site/2020/09/12/minesweeper.html @@ -1,69 +1,4 @@ - - - - - Minesweeper Bomb Generation And Tile Revealing | tait.tech - - - - - -
- - -

Minesweeper Bomb Generation And Tile Revealing

-

Saturday, September 12 2020

-
- -
-

When I was creating a little Minesweeper game, I got confused at some points. -My bomb generation didn’t look quite right, and I for sure didn’t quite get the whole cascading tile reveal thing. -With a bit of internet research, I found what I was looking for. -I’ll explain it all in one place for my own research purposes.

- -

Bomb Generation

- -

When I started this project I attempted to use a random bomb generator. -By this I mean on each square, before it gets generated, give it a one in 15 change of being a bomb. -Personally, I’m not sure why this never looked right. -Something about the layout of the bombs did not mimic the classic Minesweeper game.

- -

After looking at some open source Minesweeper examples, I started to get the idea. -I wrote some mathematical statements describing the generation of bombs and how to get their x,y position from an appropriate number. -For those non-mathy people, don’t leave just yet; -there will be code equivalents to the math.

- -

W and H are the width and height of the board respectively.

- -

0≤r≤W×H -\it 0 \leq r \leq \text W \times \text H - -x=r mod W -\it x = r \bmod \text W - -y=⌊rH⌋ -\it y = \left\lfloor\frac{r}{\text H}\right\rfloor -

- -

The code equivalent to this in Python is below:

- -
import random
+    Minesweeper Bomb Generation And Tile Revealing | tait.tech     
  
 
 
Minesweeper Bomb Generation And Tile Revealing
 Saturday, September 12 2020 
 
 
 
When I was creating a little Minesweeper game, I got confused at some points. My bomb generation didn’t look quite right, and I for sure didn’t quite get the whole cascading tile reveal thing. With a bit of internet research, I found what I was looking for. I’ll explain it all in one place for my own research purposes.
 
Bomb Generation
 
When I started this project I attempted to use a random bomb generator. By this I mean on each square, before it gets generated, give it a one in 15 change of being a bomb. Personally, I’m not sure why this never looked right. Something about the layout of the bombs did not mimic the classic Minesweeper game.
 
After looking at some open source Minesweeper examples, I started to get the idea. I wrote some mathematical statements describing the generation of bombs and how to get their x,y position from an appropriate number. For those non-mathy people, don’t leave just yet; there will be code equivalents to the math.
 
W and H are the width and height of the board respectively.
 
0≤r≤W×H \it 0 \leq r \leq \text W \times \text H  x=r mod W \it x = r \bmod \text W  y=⌊rH⌋ \it y = \left\lfloor\frac{r}{\text H}\right\rfloor 
 
The code equivalent to this in Python is below:
 
import random
 # r <= 0 <= W*H
 r = random.randint(1, W*H)-1
 
@@ -72,25 +7,7 @@ there will be code equivalents to the math.

 
 # y = floor(r/H); note the special syntax python has for this operation
 y = r // H
-

-
-
So that’s that, we can put this in a big ‘ol for loop and generate an arbitrary n number of bombs given a width and height of a Minesweeper board.

-
-
Cascading Tile Revealing

-
-
This one is hard to describe;
-I am adapting this from leetcode.com.
-Whenever a player clicks a tile, the following logic should be used:

-
-
    
-  
  1. If a mine is revealed, the game is over. (obviously)
    2. 
-  
  2. If a tile with no adjacent mines is revealed, recursively reveal all eight adjacent tiles.
    3. 
-  
  3. If a tile with one or more adjacent mines is revealed, display the number of mines next to it.
    4. 
-

-
-
Here is the code in Python for this algorithm.

-
-
def reveal_square(x, y, board, alread_revealed):
+
 
So that’s that, we can put this in a big ‘ol for loop and generate an arbitrary n number of bombs given a width and height of a Minesweeper board.
 
Cascading Tile Revealing
 
This one is hard to describe; I am adapting this from leetcode.com. Whenever a player clicks a tile, the following logic should be used:
 
     
  1. If a mine is revealed, the game is over. (obviously)
    2.  
  2. If a tile with no adjacent mines is revealed, recursively reveal all eight adjacent tiles.
    3.  
  3. If a tile with one or more adjacent mines is revealed, display the number of mines next to it.
    4.  
 
Here is the code in Python for this algorithm.
 
def reveal_square(x, y, board, alread_revealed):
   # if already checked
   if (x, y) in already_revealed:
     return
@@ -110,26 +27,4 @@ Whenever a player clicks a tile, the following logic should be used:

       # recursively check the adjacent square
       reveal(x+xd, y+yd, board, already_revealed)
   return already_revealed
-

-
-
This has no checks for valid squares, but it’s the general idea.
-This function returns an array of tile coordinates which should be revealed.

-
-
Conclusion

-
-
I wrote this because in the first place because I was writing my own Minesweeper game.
-I hope that this helps you with getting the general idea of a Minesweeper game.
-The completed version of this game is available on my lamegames site.
-Let me know what you think!

-
-
Happy hacking!

-
-

-
-    
-
-  

-
-
+

This has no checks for valid squares, but it’s the general idea. This function returns an array of tile coordinates which should be revealed.

Conclusion

I wrote this because in the first place because I was writing my own Minesweeper game. I hope that this helps you with getting the general idea of a Minesweeper game. The completed version of this game is available on my lamegames site. Let me know what you think!

Happy hacking!

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/about/index.html b/_site/about/index.html index 5a9e538..69c6dfc 100644 --- a/_site/about/index.html +++ b/_site/about/index.html @@ -1,83 +1 @@ - - - - - Home | tait.tech - - - - -
- - -

Tait Hoyem

- -
- A photot I took of the valley Banff, Alberta sits in - -
-

About

- -

I am a student at the Southern Alberta Insitute of Technology (SAIT).

- -

My fascination lies primarily with operating system internals and systems-level tools. -My goal is to bring the everyday computing environment of Linux/BSD nerds to visually impaired users, and to ensure the saftey, privacy and security of the internet. -Some of my projects reflect this.

- -

I have all of my code projects hosted on my Github.

- -

Projects

- -

epub-with-pinyin — -I wrote a program to add Pinyin above Chinese characters in .epub files to assist myself and others learning Mandarin Chinese.

- -

chess — -I wrote a command-line chess game in C++. It is compileable on almost any system.

- -

tait.tech — -All the code for my website is open source.

- -

Napolean — -A work-in-progress suite of tools to be used in conjunction with a Raspberry Pi -and camera to produce text files from scanned books.

- -

subnetting — -A one-night write of a tool to automatically calculate network subnet masks based on required hosts and base IP.

- -

I also ocassionally put content on my lbry channel, and the blog I host on this site.

- -

Ideas

- -

Sometimes I have ideas that I haven’t done anything with yet. -Those are here.

- -

Contact

- -

You can reach me via email at tait@tait.tech

- -

If you use PGP, this is my public key

- - - - -
- - + Home | tait.tech

Tait Hoyem

A photot I took of the valley Banff, Alberta sits in

About

I am a student at the Southern Alberta Insitute of Technology (SAIT).

My fascination lies primarily with operating system internals and systems-level tools. My goal is to bring the everyday computing environment of Linux/BSD nerds to visually impaired users, and to ensure the saftey, privacy and security of the internet. Some of my projects reflect this.

I have all of my code projects hosted on my Github.

Projects

epub-with-pinyin — I wrote a program to add Pinyin above Chinese characters in .epub files to assist myself and others learning Mandarin Chinese.

chess — I wrote a command-line chess game in C++. It is compileable on almost any system.

tait.tech — All the code for my website is open source.

Napolean — A work-in-progress suite of tools to be used in conjunction with a Raspberry Pi and camera to produce text files from scanned books.

subnetting — A one-night write of a tool to automatically calculate network subnet masks based on required hosts and base IP.

I also ocassionally put content on my lbry channel, and the blog I host on this site.

Ideas

Sometimes I have ideas that I haven’t done anything with yet. Those are here.

Contact

You can reach me via email at tait@tait.tech

If you use PGP, this is my public key

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/assets/css/katex.css b/_site/assets/css/katex.css index f17c285..a4a0d52 100644 --- a/_site/assets/css/katex.css +++ b/_site/assets/css/katex.css @@ -1,1035 +1,5 @@ -/* stylelint-disable font-family-no-missing-generic-family-keyword */ -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_AMS'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: normal; - font-style: normal; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Caligraphic'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: bold; - font-style: normal; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Caligraphic'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: normal; - font-style: normal; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Fraktur'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: bold; - font-style: normal; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Fraktur'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: normal; - font-style: normal; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Main'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: bold; - font-style: normal; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Main'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: bold; - font-style: italic; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Main'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Italic.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: normal; - font-style: italic; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Main'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: normal; - font-style: normal; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Math'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: bold; - font-style: italic; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_Math'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: normal; - font-style: italic; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_SansSerif'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.ttf) format('truetype'); - font-weight: bold; - font-style: normal; -} -@font-face { - font-family: 'KaTeX_SansSerif'; - src: url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.woff2) format('woff2'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.woff) format('woff'), url(/assets/fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.ttf) format('truetype'); - 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} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/assets/js/hacked.js b/_site/assets/js/hacked.js index 212749b..5f26145 100644 --- a/_site/assets/js/hacked.js +++ b/_site/assets/js/hacked.js @@ -1,2 +1 @@ -alert("Warning! This site is insecure and open to an attack called XSS. You are now being redirected to an article about this vulnerability."); -window.href = "https://tait.tech/2020/04/22/quiz-your-friends.html"; +alert("Warning! This site is insecure and open to an attack called XSS. You are now being redirected to an article about this vulnerability."),window.href="https://tait.tech/2020/04/22/quiz-your-friends.html"; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/blog/index.html b/_site/blog/index.html index dbc8a64..12790f9 100644 --- a/_site/blog/index.html +++ b/_site/blog/index.html @@ -1,239 +1 @@ - - - - - Blog | tait.tech - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Minesweeper Bomb Generation And Tile Revealing

- 12 September 2020 -

When I was creating a little Minesweeper game, I got confused at some points. -My bomb generation didn’t look quite right, and I for sure didn’t quite get the whole cascading tile reveal thing. -With a bit of internet research, I found what I was looking for. -I’ll explain it all in one place for my own research purposes.

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lamegames.tait.tech

- 09 September 2020 -

This is an announcement for a new project of mine: -lamegames.tait.tech.

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How to Solve The Django Deployment Puzzle

- 18 August 2020 -

A few days ago I had a Django project I wanted to put on a real server. -This project is still in its infancy, but I thought it would be nice to put it on my resume and show my friends. -Little did I know the headache coming my way. -Here are some tips to help you not make the same mistakes as me.

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BSD Journey, Part 1

- 15 August 2020 -

As Linux becomes controlled by corporate sponsors and becomes more full of proprietary blobs, drivers, and even closed-source software like Steam, -One may wonder if there are other options out there. -For me, somebody that is intensely interested in security, there is one option: OpenBSD.

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Know How Your Representative Votes In Parliament

- 30 July 2020 -

As an advocate for openness, I had an idea to make a project out of the government of Canada’s Open Data -initiative to take a look at how my local MP voted on various pieces of legislation. -It turns out though that this was not necessary due to how easy it was to find this information on the government’s own website. -In this article, I will explain how you can do the same.

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Installing MultiCraft on Gentoo Linux

- 19 July 2020 -

In a very odd combination of requirements, -I needed to install MultiCraft on a Gentoo Linux system. -The PHP USE flags are important so you don’t have to recompile it three times like I did.

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Independence

- 12 July 2020 -
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“When given a choice between independence and dependence, always choose independence; you will never regret that choice!”—Luke Smith

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How to use tmux to send and receive things from your Minecraft server

- 25 June 2020 -

So recently I had problem. -I run a Minecraft server on a big Linux computer I have running in my room. -Now, as a system administrator it is very helpful to be able to run some simple commands without needing to login with my key, password, TFA, etc. -It is, frankly, a lot of work. -Especially when I really just want to be playing games but I just need to check something quickly.

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Site Update

- 04 June 2020 -

I updated the site with some easier to identify information about me and my projects :)

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New Game: Clue (coming soon)

- 19 May 2020 -

Ooo! Exciting! -Today I want to announce a new project I’ll be working on which should be live within the month of May: -Clue.

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How to use NGINX as a reverse-proxy server for a Node.js application using socket.io

- 01 May 2020 -

Despite the long name of the article, I have a feeling this may apply to more people than I might think. -If you have a Node.js application which needs socket.io connections that you want to pass throgh nginx’s reverse_proxy directive then this is the article for you!

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What is XSS?

- 25 April 2020 -

I found a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack -in a well-known quiz hosting website. -I disclosed the vulnerability to them years ago, so I thought -now might be a good time to write about it.

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rfi: A Simple Linux utility to get a random file from a directory

- 21 April 2020 -

I made a little video about this script I wrote:

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NAS Part 1: Theorize

- 12 April 2020 -

New Project, phase one: -Theorize.

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How To Encrypt Your Own Documents Using gpg

- 06 April 2020 -

If you have ever wanted to garuntee the utmost security of your emails and documents, then this is the guide for you! -It should be noted that in some circles the tools used are more common than in others. -These are the everyday tools of many privacy advocates and computer nerds.

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How Asymetric Encryption Works

- 02 April 2020 -

In a few previous articles I have explained why encryption may be important to you and how the theory behind encryption works. I did not yet explain the system of asymetric cryptography, however. That is what this article is for.

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How Does Encryption Work, in Theory?

- 19 February 2020 -

There are many kinds of encryption used in our everyday communication. Online and offline, over the internet and in person. In this article, I will explain the basics of how encryption should work in theory. I explain in this article why encryption is important, and why you should care about it.

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Is Encryption Worth It?

- 26 January 2020 -

What is the most embarassing thing you have typed into Google search? What is the most personal secret you told a friend in confidence? What is your bank password? What is your business’s secret to stay ahead of the competition?

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Padding And Margin

- 22 January 2020 -

Many people have expressed confusion over how padding and margins work in HTML/CSS. I have been one of those people. In this short article I will explain what the differences are between the two, and how it may affect the functionality of your site.

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- - + Blog | tait.tech

Minesweeper Bomb Generation And Tile Revealing

12 September 2020

When I was creating a little Minesweeper game, I got confused at some points. My bomb generation didn’t look quite right, and I for sure didn’t quite get the whole cascading tile reveal thing. With a bit of internet research, I found what I was looking for. I’ll explain it all in one place for my own research purposes.

lamegames.tait.tech

09 September 2020

This is an announcement for a new project of mine: lamegames.tait.tech.

How to Solve The Django Deployment Puzzle

18 August 2020

A few days ago I had a Django project I wanted to put on a real server. This project is still in its infancy, but I thought it would be nice to put it on my resume and show my friends. Little did I know the headache coming my way. Here are some tips to help you not make the same mistakes as me.

BSD Journey, Part 1

15 August 2020

As Linux becomes controlled by corporate sponsors and becomes more full of proprietary blobs, drivers, and even closed-source software like Steam, One may wonder if there are other options out there. For me, somebody that is intensely interested in security, there is one option: OpenBSD.

Know How Your Representative Votes In Parliament

30 July 2020

As an advocate for openness, I had an idea to make a project out of the government of Canada’s Open Data initiative to take a look at how my local MP voted on various pieces of legislation. It turns out though that this was not necessary due to how easy it was to find this information on the government’s own website. In this article, I will explain how you can do the same.

Installing MultiCraft on Gentoo Linux

19 July 2020

In a very odd combination of requirements, I needed to install MultiCraft on a Gentoo Linux system. The PHP USE flags are important so you don’t have to recompile it three times like I did.

Independence

12 July 2020

“When given a choice between independence and dependence, always choose independence; you will never regret that choice!”—Luke Smith

How to use tmux to send and receive things from your Minecraft server

25 June 2020

So recently I had problem. I run a Minecraft server on a big Linux computer I have running in my room. Now, as a system administrator it is very helpful to be able to run some simple commands without needing to login with my key, password, TFA, etc. It is, frankly, a lot of work. Especially when I really just want to be playing games but I just need to check something quickly.

Site Update

04 June 2020

I updated the site with some easier to identify information about me and my projects :)

New Game: Clue (coming soon)

19 May 2020

Ooo! Exciting! Today I want to announce a new project I’ll be working on which should be live within the month of May: Clue.

How to use NGINX as a reverse-proxy server for a Node.js application using socket.io

01 May 2020

Despite the long name of the article, I have a feeling this may apply to more people than I might think. If you have a Node.js application which needs socket.io connections that you want to pass throgh nginx’s reverse_proxy directive then this is the article for you!

What is XSS?

25 April 2020

I found a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack in a well-known quiz hosting website. I disclosed the vulnerability to them years ago, so I thought now might be a good time to write about it.

rfi: A Simple Linux utility to get a random file from a directory

21 April 2020

I made a little video about this script I wrote:

NAS Part 1: Theorize

12 April 2020

New Project, phase one: Theorize.

How To Encrypt Your Own Documents Using gpg

06 April 2020

If you have ever wanted to garuntee the utmost security of your emails and documents, then this is the guide for you! It should be noted that in some circles the tools used are more common than in others. These are the everyday tools of many privacy advocates and computer nerds.

How Asymetric Encryption Works

02 April 2020

In a few previous articles I have explained why encryption may be important to you and how the theory behind encryption works. I did not yet explain the system of asymetric cryptography, however. That is what this article is for.

How Does Encryption Work, in Theory?

19 February 2020

There are many kinds of encryption used in our everyday communication. Online and offline, over the internet and in person. In this article, I will explain the basics of how encryption should work in theory. I explain in this article why encryption is important, and why you should care about it.

Is Encryption Worth It?

26 January 2020

What is the most embarassing thing you have typed into Google search? What is the most personal secret you told a friend in confidence? What is your bank password? What is your business’s secret to stay ahead of the competition?

Padding And Margin

22 January 2020

Many people have expressed confusion over how padding and margins work in HTML/CSS. I have been one of those people. In this short article I will explain what the differences are between the two, and how it may affect the functionality of your site.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/contact/index.html b/_site/contact/index.html index 5a3048c..122590b 100644 --- a/_site/contact/index.html +++ b/_site/contact/index.html @@ -1,50 +1 @@ - - - - - | tait.tech - - - - -
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Here are my contact details if you would like to contact me professionally or personally.

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Personal Email - tait.hoyem@protonmail.com
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Work Email - tait@tait.tech
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School Email - tait.hoyem@edu.sait.ca
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Phone - +1 (403) 771-4754
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- - - - -
- - + | tait.tech

Here are my contact details if you would like to contact me professionally or personally.

Personal Email - tait.hoyem@protonmail.com


Work Email - tait@tait.tech


School Email - tait.hoyem@edu.sait.ca


Phone - +1 (403) 771-4754


\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/cover-letter-vcc/index.html b/_site/cover-letter-vcc/index.html index 43e1e2e..5385615 100644 --- a/_site/cover-letter-vcc/index.html +++ b/_site/cover-letter-vcc/index.html @@ -1,38 +1 @@ - - - - - Cover Letter - VCC | tait.tech - - - - -
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Tait Hoyem

- -

Hello, Alice

- -

This will be short and sweet.

- -

Copying and explaining information in accessible ways is something I have been doing my entire life—sometimes without realizing it. -As a partially-sighted student, -I know what information makes sense without visuals and what information will be completely meaningless without additional context or description.

- -

I also have some background in computer science. -This allows me to transcribe and explain only what is important. -Somebody without this background may not know when a number being shown on screen is important or when it is genuinely meaningless. -I also do not need to go back and forth to the text I am copying from to be one-hundered percent sure I have the right paranthasies, brackets, less-than signs, et cetera. -All these patterns make sense to me when I read them.

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Although I would prefer to work with computer science students, -I am willing to be used more broadly if that is of use to you.

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Thank you for your consideration,

- -

—Tait Hoyem

- -
-
-
- - + Cover Letter - VCC | tait.tech

Tait Hoyem

Hello, Alice

This will be short and sweet.

Copying and explaining information in accessible ways is something I have been doing my entire life—sometimes without realizing it. As a partially-sighted student, I know what information makes sense without visuals and what information will be completely meaningless without additional context or description.

I also have some background in computer science. This allows me to transcribe and explain only what is important. Somebody without this background may not know when a number being shown on screen is important or when it is genuinely meaningless. I also do not need to go back and forth to the text I am copying from to be one-hundered percent sure I have the right paranthasies, brackets, less-than signs, et cetera. All these patterns make sense to me when I read them.

Although I would prefer to work with computer science students, I am willing to be used more broadly if that is of use to you.

Thank you for your consideration,

—Tait Hoyem

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/cover-letters/bloombase/index.html b/_site/cover-letters/bloombase/index.html index 2f93a21..d2cf2ab 100644 --- a/_site/cover-letters/bloombase/index.html +++ b/_site/cover-letters/bloombase/index.html @@ -1,14 +1,4 @@ - - - - - Cover Letter | Bloombase | tait.tech - - - - -
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+    Cover Letter | Bloombase | tait.tech     
 
 
 To: Bloombase
 
 128 W Hastings St #350
@@ -16,42 +6,4 @@ Vancouver, British Columbia
 V6B 1G8, Canada
 
 Job Number: 620145
-

-
-
I am a student at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT),
-in Calgary, Alberta
-where I am taking a general IT diploma with a software development major.

-
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The simple way of explaining my relationship with security is that it is exactly what I want to be doing with my career.
-When given an assignment to chose any technology related topic,
-I chose to talk about Edward Snowden;
-for an emerging trend topic, I delved into public-key encryption and the Curve25519 eliptic crytographic method.

-
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I run Linux as my primary operating system, and I use an offline password manager. My browser clears cookies every time I restart it.
-These are some basic things I do personally to protect myself.

-
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I think everybody has things they should be keeping secure,
-and I am very motivated to help them achieve the messure of security needed.

-
-
Security is build right into my goals for my programming career. I have two goals:

-
-
    
-  
  1. Create ease of use for strong crytography, security and privacy tools.
    2. 
-  
  2. Accessibility of software to the visually impaired.
    3. 
-

-
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These goals are intertwined in: “If you make something good, make it for everyone.”

-
-
I’ve included my resume for your review, and would like to note that I would be pleased to relocate to Vancouver for this position.

-
-
Thank you for your time in considering me for this position!

-
-
Sincerely,

-
-
Tait Hoyem

-
-    

-    

-  

-
-
+

I am a student at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT), in Calgary, Alberta where I am taking a general IT diploma with a software development major.

The simple way of explaining my relationship with security is that it is exactly what I want to be doing with my career. When given an assignment to chose any technology related topic, I chose to talk about Edward Snowden; for an emerging trend topic, I delved into public-key encryption and the Curve25519 eliptic crytographic method.

I run Linux as my primary operating system, and I use an offline password manager. My browser clears cookies every time I restart it. These are some basic things I do personally to protect myself.

I think everybody has things they should be keeping secure, and I am very motivated to help them achieve the messure of security needed.

Security is build right into my goals for my programming career. I have two goals:

  1. Create ease of use for strong crytography, security and privacy tools.
  2. Accessibility of software to the visually impaired.

These goals are intertwined in: “If you make something good, make it for everyone.”

I’ve included my resume for your review, and would like to note that I would be pleased to relocate to Vancouver for this position.

Thank you for your time in considering me for this position!

Sincerely,

Tait Hoyem

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/feed.xml b/_site/feed.xml index abb2dda..aa51c59 100644 --- a/_site/feed.xml +++ b/_site/feed.xml @@ -1,573 +1 @@ -Jekyll2020-09-13T01:38:20+00:00http://localhost:4000/feed.xmlMinesweeper Bomb Generation And Tile Revealing2020-09-12T00:00:00+00:002020-09-12T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/09/12/minesweeper<p>When I was creating a little Minesweeper game, I got confused at some points. -My bomb generation didn’t look quite right, and I for sure didn’t quite get the whole cascading tile reveal thing. -With a bit of internet research, I found what I was looking for. -I’ll explain it all in one place for my own research purposes.</p> - -<h3 id="bomb-generation">Bomb Generation</h3> - -<p>When I started this project I attempted to use a random bomb generator. -By this I mean on each square, before it gets generated, give it a one in 15 change of being a bomb. -Personally, I’m not sure why this never looked right. -Something about the layout of the bombs did not mimic the classic Minesweeper game.</p> - -<p>After looking at some open source Minesweeper examples, I started to get the idea. -I wrote some mathematical statements describing the generation of bombs and how to get their x,y position from an appropriate number. -For those non-mathy people, don’t leave just yet; -there will be code equivalents to the math.</p> - -<p>W and H are the width and height of the board respectively.</p> - -<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn mathvariant="italic">0</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>≤</mo><mtext>W</mtext><mo>×</mo><mtext>H</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> -\it 0 \leq r \leq \text W \times \text H -</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8193em;vertical-align:-0.13597em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathit">0</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">≤</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord mathit">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">≤</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">W</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">H</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> -<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>r</mi><mtext> </mtext><mo lspace="0.22em" rspace="0.22em"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow></mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext>W</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> -\it x = r \bmod \text W -</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathit">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord mathit">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.05555555555555555em;"></span><span class="mbin"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">m</span><span class="mord mathrm">o</span><span class="mord mathrm">d</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.05555555555555555em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">W</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> -<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">⌊</mo><mfrac><mi>r</mi><mtext>H</mtext></mfrac><mo fence="true">⌋</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> -\it y = \left\lfloor\frac{r}{\text H}\right\rfloor -</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.8359999999999999em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathit">y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em;"><span class="delimsizing size2">⌊</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.10756em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">H</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathit">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em;"><span class="delimsizing size2">⌋</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> - -<p>The code equivalent to this in Python is below:</p> - -<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">random</span> -<span class="c1"># r &lt;= 0 &lt;= W*H -</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">random</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">W</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> - -<span class="c1"># x = r mod W -</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">W</span> - -<span class="c1"># y = floor(r/H); note the special syntax python has for this operation -</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">H</span> -</code></pre></div></div> - -<p>So that’s that, we can put this in a big ‘ol for loop and generate an arbitrary <em>n</em> number of bombs given a width and height of a Minesweeper board.</p> - -<h3 id="cascading-tile-revealing">Cascading Tile Revealing</h3> - -<p>This one is hard to describe; -I am adapting this from <a href="https://leetcode.com/problems/minesweeper/">leetcode.com</a>. -Whenever a player clicks a tile, the following logic should be used:</p> - -<ol> - <li>If a mine is revealed, the game is over. (obviously)</li> - <li>If a tile with <em>no</em> adjacent mines is revealed, recursively reveal all eight adjacent tiles.</li> - <li>If a tile with one or more adjacent mines is revealed, display the number of mines next to it.</li> -</ol> - -<p>Here is the code in Python for this algorithm.</p> - -<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">reveal_square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">board</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alread_revealed</span><span class="p">):</span> - <span class="c1"># if already checked -</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">already_revealed</span><span class="p">:</span> - <span class="k">return</span> - <span class="c1"># if it's a bomb -</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">board</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'B'</span><span class="p">:</span> - <span class="n">you_lose</span><span class="p">()</span> - <span class="k">return</span> - <span class="c1"># if the bomb number is more than 0 -</span> <span class="n">already_revealed</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">nx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ny</span><span class="p">))</span> - - <span class="c1"># from -1 to 1 -</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">xd</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span> - <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">yd</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span> - <span class="c1"># skip if it is this the center tile -</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">xd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">yd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">:</span> - <span class="k">continue</span> - <span class="c1"># recursively check the adjacent square -</span> <span class="n">reveal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">xd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">yd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">board</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">already_revealed</span><span class="p">)</span> - <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">already_revealed</span> -</code></pre></div></div> - -<p>This has no checks for valid squares, but it’s the general idea. -This function returns an array of tile coordinates which should be revealed.</p> - -<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3> - -<p>I wrote this because in the first place because I was writing my own Minesweeper game. -I hope that this helps you with getting the general idea of a Minesweeper game. -The completed version of this game is available on my <a href="https://lamegames.tait.tech/">lamegames</a> site. -Let me know what you think!</p> - -<p>Happy hacking!</p>When I was creating a little Minesweeper game, I got confused at some points. My bomb generation didn’t look quite right, and I for sure didn’t quite get the whole cascading tile reveal thing. With a bit of internet research, I found what I was looking for. I’ll explain it all in one place for my own research purposes.lamegames.tait.tech2020-09-09T00:00:00+00:002020-09-09T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/09/09/lamegames<p>This is an announcement for a new project of mine: -<a href="https://lamegames.tait.tech">lamegames.tait.tech</a>.</p> - -<p>This is something I’m really excited to work on!</p> - -<p>Right now, I’ve just got a rock-paper-scissors game. -A chat function, and a few simple card games to come.</p> - -<p>Check out the repository on my <a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/lamegames.io">Github</a>.</p>This is an announcement for a new project of mine: lamegames.tait.tech.How to Solve The Django Deployment Puzzle2020-08-18T00:00:00+00:002020-08-18T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/08/18/django-deployment<p>A few days ago I had a Django project I wanted to put on a real server. -This project is still in its infancy, but I thought it would be nice to put it on my resume and show my friends. -Little did I know the headache coming my way. -Here are some tips to help you not make the same mistakes as me.</p> - -<h3 id="asgi-servers">ASGI Servers</h3> - -<p>Because my project used the ASGI (Asynchronous webServer Gateway Interface), -I needed to find a good production ASGI server to handle all the incoming requests. -The best thing I found was <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org/">uvicorn</a>. -It focuses on speed, which is a priority, especially when using the ASGI protocol.</p> - -<p>To run uvicorn on the command line for testing purposes, use something like the following:</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -$ uvicorn --reload myapp.asgi:application -</pre> - -<p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">--reload</code> option says to reload the server if any of the files get updated. -This is not recommended in production. -Sadly, I thought this meant I would need to do a hard shutdown of the server process every time I wanted to update. -This turned out to not be the case.</p> - -<h3 id="workload-managers">Workload Managers</h3> - -<p>There is another equine-named program called <a href="https://gunicorn.org/">gunicorn</a> -which can hold a number of processes under its control. -An interesting feature of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gunicorn</code> is that it will gracefully switch from an old to a new deployment, -replacing the subprocesses one-by-one and eventually having only the new deployment active on all subprocesses. -The greatest part? Zero down time. -The server keeps any old processes open if there is communication with them, -then shift and new connections to the new deployment. -This was a very cool feature I wanted to take advantage of.</p> - -<p>“Now hold on!” you might protest. -“gunicorn is a WSGI server!” … oh you got me there! -Yes, that’s right, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gunicorn</code> is paired with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">uvicorn</code> to serve my files.</p> - -<h3 id="systemd">systemd</h3> - -<p>Love it or hate it, the majority of Linux distributions use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">systemd</code> init system. -I decided it would be very convenient to have a .service file for my Django application to run automatically at boot. -<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Systemd</code> allows me to do this with a file like the following one I stored in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/lib/systemd/system/lamegames.service</code>.</p> - -<pre class="file"> -[Unit] -Description=Gunicorn/Uvicorn (lamegames.io) - -[Service] -WorkingDirectory=/home/lame/lamegames.io -Type=simple -RemainAfterExit=yes -ExecStart=/home/lame/lamegames.io/env/bin/gunicorn lamegames.asgi:application -w 2 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker -ExecStop=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID -Restart=always - -[Install] -WantedBy=multi-user.target -</pre> - -<h3 id="nginx">nginx</h3> - -<p>NGINX (pronounced engine-X) is a performance web server designed for speed and simplicity. -For the front facing side of the site, I do need a production web server like nginx. -Gunicorn simply doesn’t need all the features that nginx provides, but I do. -To configure my nginx installation, I used the following few directives to:</p> - -<ol> - <li>Redirect most traffic towards the gunicorn server.</li> - <li>Redirect statically served files (CSS, JS, images) to the directory specified in the STATIC_ROOT variable of my <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">settings.py</code> file.</li> - <li>Use TLS to enable https://</li> -</ol> - -<p>Serving the static files from nginx as opposed to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gunicorn</code> server is necessary. -Gunicorn and other production A/WSGI web server will not set the proper MIME type over TLS. -This will cause your browser to not load the Javascript/CSS.</p> - -<p>This is the important part of my nginx config.</p> - -<pre class="file"> -server { - location / { - proxy_set_header Host $http_host; - proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; - proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; - # these two lines ensure that WebSocket, and HTTP2 connection are forwarded correctly - proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; - proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade"; - proxy_redirect off; - proxy_buffering off; - # this forwards all traffic to the local server on port 8000 - proxy_pass http://localhost:8000; - } - - # This forwards all static requests to Django's STATIC_ROOT set in settings.py; it is generated using the collectstatic command. - location /static { - autoindex on; - alias /home/lame/lamegames.io/static_generated; - } -} -</pre> - -<h3 id="setup">Setup</h3> - -<p>After all that, I was able to do the following:</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -# systemctl enable lamegames -</pre> - -<p>This enabled my <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gunicorn</code> server to run once the server started. -NGINX is that way be default.</p> - -<p>And tada! You now have a working Django project on a production server!</p> - -<h4 id="notes">Notes</h4> - -<ul> - <li>If using ws:// websockets, change them to wss:// for secure web sockets.</li> - <li>Make sure to use channels.routing.get_default_application() instead of django.get_asgi_application() if your’re wanting to use channels/redis WebSockets.</li> -</ul>A few days ago I had a Django project I wanted to put on a real server. This project is still in its infancy, but I thought it would be nice to put it on my resume and show my friends. Little did I know the headache coming my way. Here are some tips to help you not make the same mistakes as me.BSD Journey, Part 12020-08-15T00:00:00+00:002020-08-15T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/08/15/openbsd1<p>As Linux becomes controlled by corporate sponsors and becomes more full of proprietary blobs, drivers, and even closed-source software like Steam, -One may wonder if there are other options out there. -For me, somebody that is intensely interested in security, there is one option: OpenBSD.</p> - -<p>Now, my interest in OpenBSD has been going on for a long time. -I started poking around for Linux alternatives way back a few years ago when Linus Torvalds decided to leave after he got in trouble for some -<a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/07/linus-torvalds-defends-his-right-to-shame-linux-kernel-developers/">unprofessional behaviour</a>. -That said, Linus did come back to Linux development, -but I knew that his abrasive style is what brought good code to the Linux kernel. -I also knew that his ability to be critical would be hurt by the new -<a href="https://itsfoss.com/linux-code-of-conduct/">code of conduct</a>. -It would become a tool for the SJW types to hammer on Linus for being a “white male, et al.”; -It would become a tool for the easily offended to use to get their dumb code into Linux; -It would become a tool for the corporatization, the HR-ification of Linux. -Frankly, this does not interest me.</p> - -<p>Now I’m sure that OpenBSD has its own internal policies that I disagree with. -That said, Theo De Raadt is still at least known for calling Firefox an “amorphous peace of garbage” due to its lack of privilege separation. -And, in their <a href="https://openbsd.org/goals.html">project goals</a> page, they specifically mention:</p> - -<blockquote> - <p>Be as politics-free as possible; solutions should be decided on the basis of technical merit.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Now that’s something I can get behind! -Bet you that’s not in the Linux COC?</p> - -<p>He also went to university in my hometown, so that’s pretty cool! -I can support a local madman who thinks he can make a better operating system than all those corporations. -Maybe he was right, maybe not. What I know is I am excited to find out!</p> - -<p>Wish my luck on my OpenBSD journey. I will post updates here along the way.</p> - -<p>Happy hacking!</p>As Linux becomes controlled by corporate sponsors and becomes more full of proprietary blobs, drivers, and even closed-source software like Steam, One may wonder if there are other options out there. For me, somebody that is intensely interested in security, there is one option: OpenBSD.Know How Your Representative Votes In Parliament2020-07-30T00:00:00+00:002020-07-30T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/07/30/canadian-parliament<p>As an advocate for openness, I had an idea to make a project out of the government of Canada’s <a href="https://open.canada.ca/en/open-data">Open Data</a> -initiative to take a look at how my local MP voted on various pieces of legislation. -It turns out though that this was not necessary due to how easy it was to find this information on the government’s own website. -In this article, I will explain how you can do the same.</p> - -<h3 id="1-find-your-representative">1. Find Your Representative</h3> - -<p>The first step in this process is to find who your representative is. -To do so, go to the government’s own website -<a href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en">ourcommons.ca’s search tool</a>.</p> - -<p>Simply type in your postal code in the search box to find out who your MP is.</p> - -<h3 id="2-their-voting-record">2. Their Voting Record</h3> - -<p>Every MP’s voting record is public knowledge, -and it is available nice and simple in a table on that MP’s page. -For example, this is a link to -<a href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/pierre-poilievre(25524)/votes">Pierre Poilievre’s voting record</a>.</p> - -<p>To find your MP’s voting record, do step one, then: -After the <strong>Overview</strong>, and <strong>Seat in The House</strong> sections, -there are three tabs, <strong>Roles</strong>, <strong>Work</strong>, and <strong>Contact</strong>. -Click on work. -At the bottom of that tab is a link which says <strong>Chamber Votes</strong>. -This will open a small window with some recent votes by this politician. -If you want to see all their votes, there is a button at the bottom named <strong>All Votes by This Member</strong>.</p> - -<p>Tada! You can now keep your local MP accountable for anything you do or do not support.</p> - -<h3 id="3-bill-details">3. Bill Details</h3> - -<p>If you want to get into the nitty gritty, -once you open a specific bill, you can actually find out the status of said bill, -or read the actual text by clicking the <strong>View this Bill on LEGISinfo</strong> button.</p> - -<p>Both the status of the bill, and a link to a PDF document containing the bilingual text of the bill are visible in the main body of the page.</p> - -<h4 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h4> - -<p>I thought this was pretty cool! -It was <em>way</em> simpler than I thought it would be.</p> - -<p>Thanks, Canada!</p>As an advocate for openness, I had an idea to make a project out of the government of Canada’s Open Data initiative to take a look at how my local MP voted on various pieces of legislation. It turns out though that this was not necessary due to how easy it was to find this information on the government’s own website. In this article, I will explain how you can do the same.Installing MultiCraft on Gentoo Linux2020-07-19T00:00:00+00:002020-07-19T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/07/19/multicraft-php-gentoo<p>In a very odd combination of requirements, -I needed to install <a href="https://multicraft.org">MultiCraft</a> on a Gentoo Linux system. -The PHP <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USE</code> flags are important so you don’t have to recompile it three times like I did.</p> - -<p>Here are some useful tips I came across:</p> - -<h3 id="php-use-flags">PHP <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USE</code> flags</h3> - -<p>In <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/portage/package.use/php</code> I placed the following line:</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -dev-lang/php cgi mysql mysqli fpm pdo gd truetype -</pre> - -<p>This should give you enough for a mysql backended MultiCraft installation. -The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">cgi</code> option may not be required as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">fpm</code> stands for <em>FastCGI Process Managment</em>. -I don’t know for sure though.</p> - -<h3 id="paper">Paper</h3> - -<p>This will grab the latest version of the Paper jar file using <a href="https://yivesmirror.com">YivesMirror</a>. -I’m not sure how reputable it is, -but my buddy who works with this stuff more often than me seemed to recognize it.</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -## See the default craftbukkit.jar.conf for a detailed documentation of the -## format of this file. -[config] -name = Paper 1.16.1 Latest -source = https://yivesmirror.com/files/paper/Paper-1.16.1-latest.jar -category = Mods - -[encoding] -#encode = system -#decode = system -#fileEncoding = latin-1 - -[start] -command = "{JAVA}" -Xmx{MAX_MEMORY}M -Xms{START_MEMORY}M -XX:MaxPermSize=128M -Djline.terminal=jline.UnsupportedTerminal -jar "{JAR}" nogui -</pre> - -<h3 id="other-tips">Other Tips</h3> - -<p>Do not use the option to setup a separate user for each server. -This completely stalled any work getting done with a ton of ‘permission denied’ errors.</p> - -<h4 id="security">Security</h4> - -<p>If the panel is in the root directory of your NGINX web server, -use the following in your server block to deny access to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/protected</code> directory.</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -location /protected { - deny all; - return 404; -} -</pre> - -<h5 id="mysql">MySQL</h5> - -<p>It is always good practice to separate privileges. -The MultiCraft daemon should have one SQL login, -with one database allocated to it. -The MultiCraft panel should have a separate SQL login, -with a separate database allocated to it.</p> - -<p>You can do this with the following commands in your MySQL prompt:</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -sql&gt; CREATE DATABASE multicraft_daemon_database; -Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) - -sql&gt; CREATE DATABASE multicraft_panel_database; -Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) - -sql&gt; CREATE USER 'muilticraft_daemon'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong password here'; -Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) - -sql&gt; CREATE USER 'multicraft_panel'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'different strong password here'; -Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) - -sql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON multicraft_daemon_database . * TO 'multicraft_daemon'@'localhost'; -Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) - -sql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON multicraft_panel_database . * TO 'mutlicraft_panel'@'localhost'; -Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) - -</pre> - -<p>During setup, make sure the proper credentials are used for each step. -Database 1 is the panel database. -Database 2 is the daemon database.</p> - -<p>Happy hacking :)</p>In a very odd combination of requirements, I needed to install MultiCraft on a Gentoo Linux system. The PHP USE flags are important so you don’t have to recompile it three times like I did.Independence2020-07-12T00:00:00+00:002020-07-12T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/07/12/independence<blockquote> - <p>“When given a choice between independence and dependence, always choose independence; you will never regret that choice!”—Luke Smith</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Whatever you may believe about the YouTube personality Luke Smith, -the quote above summarizes a core principle of mine. -Much like many people have religious principles, I have <em>Independence</em>.</p> - -<p>My choice to use Linux as my primary operating system, -host my own website, -own my own domain name—all of these are directly related to this core principle of independence.</p> - -<p>I never want a man, or a company to have too much power over my life. -Just like I would not trust just any person to be able to read my emails, -know where I live, where I am going, who are my friends, what do I believe; in the same way, I do not trust a company with that same information.</p> - -<blockquote> - <p>“If you want to find out what a man is to the bottom, give him power. Any man can stand adversity — only a great man can stand prosperity.”—Robert Ingersoll</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Take control of your own digital life:</p> - -<ol> - <li>Own your own domain.</li> - <li>Hookup an email and a website to that.</li> -</ol> - -<p>That’s it!</p> - -<p>Without this, any of your internet privileges can be revoked at any time by Google, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, or even an angry Twitter Mob. Maybe because they hate your skin colour, maybe they hate your religious/political views, or maybe you got caught on a technicality.</p> - -<p>If you own your own domain, however:</p> - -<p>Your email provider goes down/bans you: change your provider; keep the email.</p> - -<p>Your website is pulled for controversial views: switch hosts.</p> - -<p>Protect yourself; give yourself choices. -Why give others that power when you could have it for yourself?</p>“When given a choice between independence and dependence, always choose independence; you will never regret that choice!”—Luke SmithHow to use tmux to send and receive things from your Minecraft server2020-06-25T00:00:00+00:002020-06-25T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/06/25/tmux-minecraft<p>So recently I had problem. -I run a Minecraft server on a big Linux computer I have running in my room. -Now, as a system administrator it is very helpful to be able to run some simple commands without needing to login with my key, password, TFA, etc. -It is, frankly, a lot of work. -Especially when I really just want to be playing games but I just need to check something quickly.</p> - -<p>So for simple things like finding out of the network, CPU, memory or disk usage is my bottleneck, I wrote this really nifty script to connect the world of Minecraft and the Linux shell.</p> - -<p>My completed solution for what I needed can be found at <a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft/">https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft</a>.</p> - -<p>If you want some of the implementation details, stick around.</p> - -<h2 id="solution">Solution</h2> - -<p>So to solve this interesting problem, I decided to use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code>. -<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> is a <strong>t</strong>terminal <strong>mu</strong>ltiple<strong>x</strong>er. -This allows you to run a terminal session, then detach fromc it while it still runs in the background.</p> - -<p>This is very valuable when running command line applications that need to have an active console connection, like a Minecraft server.</p> - -<p>So first I looked at the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> command <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">send-keys</code>.</p> - -<h4 id="send-keys"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">send-keys</code></h4> - -<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">send-keys</code> allows you to send text, and key presses to a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> session. -Now assuming this <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> session is attached to a Minecraft server, -there is no reason you could not run a command like this:</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -$ tmux send-keys "tell @a This is a Test" Enter -</pre> - -<p>This will send the text “tell @a This is a Test” to the Minecraft server. -Then, it will hit the newline character, this will execute the command.</p> - -<p>So now we can send information to the server and have it tell the users something.</p> - -<p>But how do we get information about who is typing what in the Minecraft chat?</p> - -<h3 id="tmuxs-capture-pane-is-painful"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code>’s <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">capture-pane</code> is painful</h3> - -<p>So in the manual page for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> I can see a section recorded below for options I can give to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">capture-pane</code> subcommand.</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> - -S and -E specify the starting and ending line numbers, - zero is the first line of the visible pane and negative - numbers are lines in the history. ‘-’ to -S is the start - of the history and to -E the end of the visible pane. The - default is to capture only the visible contents of the pane. -</pre> - -<p>What it seems to be saying is I can start at line <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-S n</code> and end at line <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-E n</code>. -Negative numbers start from the bottom, so <em>in theory</em> I can do the following: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux capture-pane -S -1</code> should capture only the last line, because I’m starting from the last line. Right?</p> - -<p>No. It just doesn’t work. Negative numbers do <em>not</em> work with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux capture-pane</code> subcommand.</p> - -<p>So I did some simple UNIX piping, like so, to get just the last thing in the chat.</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -$ tmux capture-pane -p -t steve | tail -n1 -[SERVER] [ExtraDebuggingInfoHere]: &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; MY_MESSAGE -</pre> -<p>TaterTheTot is my Minecraft username :)</p> - -<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-p</code> prints the result to the terminal/stdout.</p> - -<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">steve</code> is the name of the tmux session I’m trying to pull form.</p> - -<p>So that’s done! Beauty!</p> - -<p>Now that we have that, how can we extract the username and the message from the latest line?</p> - -<h3 id="grep"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code></h3> - -<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code> is a command to find patterns of text. -<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code> has an option to only show a matching pattern of text. -This option is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-o</code>.</p> - -<p>Let’s see how we can use this in conjunction with our latest line of server output to get our results.</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -$ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; MY_MESAGE" | grep -o "&lt;.&ast;&gt;" -&lt;TaterTheTot&gt; -</pre> - -<p>Now, that’s my name with the &lt; and &gt; attached. Not bad! -We can use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sed</code> command to clean it up a bit.</p> - -<p>The syntax is like so: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">select/somepattern/replacewith/global</code></p> - -<p>So the following command is: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">s/[&lt;&gt;]//g</code></p> - -<p>Select any characters that are either &lt; or &gt;. -Replace with nothing. -Do so globally (as in, don’t stop after you replace only one character).</p> - -<p>Take two!</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -$ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; MY_MESAGE" | grep -o "&lt;.&ast;&gt;" | sed 's/[&lt;&gt;]//g' -TaterTheTot -</pre> - -<p>Beautiful!</p> - -<p>Now what about that pesky message?</p> - -<h3 id="more-grep-more-sed">more <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code>; more <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sed</code></h3> - -<p>Simple: capture everything after the &gt;. Leaving the user’s message entirely in tact.</p> - -<pre class="terminal"> -$ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; MY_MESAGE" | grep -o "&gt;.&ast;$" | sed 's/&gt; //' -MY_MESSAGE -</pre> - -<p>So now we have a way to get the username of someone typing in the Minecraft server chat. -We have a way to find out what they said. -And, we have a way to respond.</p> - -<p>You can imagine how these might go together for your own use case.</p> - -<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3> - -<p>This shows some pretty fun stuff you can do with a few simple Linux commands and a Minecraft server.</p> - -<p>I hope you learned something and found my explanations not horrific haha!</p> - -<p>Remember to checkout the git repository to see what I did with it: <a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft">https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft</a>.</p> - -<p>Happy hacking!</p>So recently I had problem. I run a Minecraft server on a big Linux computer I have running in my room. Now, as a system administrator it is very helpful to be able to run some simple commands without needing to login with my key, password, TFA, etc. It is, frankly, a lot of work. Especially when I really just want to be playing games but I just need to check something quickly.Site Update2020-06-04T00:00:00+00:002020-06-04T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/06/04/site-update<p>I updated the site with some easier to identify information about me and my projects :)</p> - -<p>Also, Clue has been delayed due to my partner in crime on the project wokring too many hours.</p> - -<p>I also posted a new project called <em><a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/caesar-cipher">Caesar Cipher</a></em> in C. It will be an intermediate example of how to use build systems like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">make</code>.</p>I updated the site with some easier to identify information about me and my projects :)New Game: Clue (coming soon)2020-05-19T00:00:00+00:002020-05-19T00:00:00+00:00http://localhost:4000/2020/05/19/clue-announcement<p>Ooo! Exciting! -Today I want to announce a new project I’ll be working on which should be live within the month of May: -Clue.</p> - -<p>The original board game, implemented in an accessible format via the web.</p> - -<p>It uses a Node.js backend and standard Javascript/HTML frontend. -Nothing fancy.</p> - -<p>All the code will be hosted here: <a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/clue">https://github.com/TTWNO/clue</a></p> - -<p>It will be licensed under the BSD-3 license, meaning it can be used for any reason—even commercially and without source-code disclosure—without prior authorization, but it <em>must</em> acknowledge that I helped build the end product.</p> - -<p>Once the project is live, it will be located at: <a href="">Lame Games</a> (currently a dead link).</p>Ooo! Exciting! Today I want to announce a new project I’ll be working on which should be live within the month of May: Clue. \ No newline at end of file +Jekyll2020-09-14T01:24:42+00:00/feed.xmlMinesweeper Bomb Generation And Tile Revealing2020-09-12T00:00:00+00:002020-09-12T00:00:00+00:00/2020/09/12/minesweeper<p>When I was creating a little Minesweeper game, I got confused at some points. My bomb generation didn’t look quite right, and I for sure didn’t quite get the whole cascading tile reveal thing. With a bit of internet research, I found what I was looking for. I’ll explain it all in one place for my own research purposes.</p> <h3 id="bomb-generation">Bomb Generation</h3> <p>When I started this project I attempted to use a random bomb generator. By this I mean on each square, before it gets generated, give it a one in 15 change of being a bomb. Personally, I’m not sure why this never looked right. Something about the layout of the bombs did not mimic the classic Minesweeper game.</p> <p>After looking at some open source Minesweeper examples, I started to get the idea. I wrote some mathematical statements describing the generation of bombs and how to get their x,y position from an appropriate number. For those non-mathy people, don’t leave just yet; there will be code equivalents to the math.</p> <p>W and H are the width and height of the board respectively.</p> <p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn mathvariant="italic">0</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>≤</mo><mtext>W</mtext><mo>×</mo><mtext>H</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \it 0 \leq r \leq \text W \times \text H </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8193em;vertical-align:-0.13597em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathit">0</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">≤</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord mathit">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">≤</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">W</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">H</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>r</mi><mtext> </mtext><mo lspace="0.22em" rspace="0.22em"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow></mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext>W</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \it x = r \bmod \text W </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathit">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord mathit">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.05555555555555555em;"></span><span class="mbin"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">m</span><span class="mord mathrm">o</span><span class="mord mathrm">d</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.05555555555555555em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">W</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">⌊</mo><mfrac><mi>r</mi><mtext>H</mtext></mfrac><mo fence="true">⌋</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> \it y = \left\lfloor\frac{r}{\text H}\right\rfloor </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.8359999999999999em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathit">y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em;"><span class="delimsizing size2">⌊</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.10756em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">H</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathit">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em;"><span class="delimsizing size2">⌋</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p>The code equivalent to this in Python is below:</p> <div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">random</span> <span class="c1"># r &lt;= 0 &lt;= W*H </span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">random</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">W</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># x = r mod W </span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">W</span> <span class="c1"># y = floor(r/H); note the special syntax python has for this operation </span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">H</span> </code></pre></div></div> <p>So that’s that, we can put this in a big ‘ol for loop and generate an arbitrary <em>n</em> number of bombs given a width and height of a Minesweeper board.</p> <h3 id="cascading-tile-revealing">Cascading Tile Revealing</h3> <p>This one is hard to describe; I am adapting this from <a href="https://leetcode.com/problems/minesweeper/">leetcode.com</a>. Whenever a player clicks a tile, the following logic should be used:</p> <ol> <li>If a mine is revealed, the game is over. (obviously)</li> <li>If a tile with <em>no</em> adjacent mines is revealed, recursively reveal all eight adjacent tiles.</li> <li>If a tile with one or more adjacent mines is revealed, display the number of mines next to it.</li> </ol> <p>Here is the code in Python for this algorithm.</p> <div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">reveal_square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">board</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alread_revealed</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="c1"># if already checked </span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">already_revealed</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="c1"># if it's a bomb </span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">board</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'B'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">you_lose</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="c1"># if the bomb number is more than 0 </span> <span class="n">already_revealed</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">nx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ny</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1"># from -1 to 1 </span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">xd</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">yd</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="c1"># skip if it is this the center tile </span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">xd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">yd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">continue</span> <span class="c1"># recursively check the adjacent square </span> <span class="n">reveal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">xd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">yd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">board</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">already_revealed</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">already_revealed</span> </code></pre></div></div> <p>This has no checks for valid squares, but it’s the general idea. This function returns an array of tile coordinates which should be revealed.</p> <h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3> <p>I wrote this because in the first place because I was writing my own Minesweeper game. I hope that this helps you with getting the general idea of a Minesweeper game. The completed version of this game is available on my <a href="https://lamegames.tait.tech/">lamegames</a> site. Let me know what you think!</p> <p>Happy hacking!</p>When I was creating a little Minesweeper game, I got confused at some points. My bomb generation didn’t look quite right, and I for sure didn’t quite get the whole cascading tile reveal thing. With a bit of internet research, I found what I was looking for. I’ll explain it all in one place for my own research purposes.lamegames.tait.tech2020-09-09T00:00:00+00:002020-09-09T00:00:00+00:00/2020/09/09/lamegames<p>This is an announcement for a new project of mine: <a href="https://lamegames.tait.tech">lamegames.tait.tech</a>.</p> <p>This is something I’m really excited to work on!</p> <p>Right now, I’ve just got a rock-paper-scissors game. A chat function, and a few simple card games to come.</p> <p>Check out the repository on my <a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/lamegames.io">Github</a>.</p>This is an announcement for a new project of mine: lamegames.tait.tech.How to Solve The Django Deployment Puzzle2020-08-18T00:00:00+00:002020-08-18T00:00:00+00:00/2020/08/18/django-deployment<p>A few days ago I had a Django project I wanted to put on a real server. This project is still in its infancy, but I thought it would be nice to put it on my resume and show my friends. Little did I know the headache coming my way. Here are some tips to help you not make the same mistakes as me.</p> <h3 id="asgi-servers">ASGI Servers</h3> <p>Because my project used the ASGI (Asynchronous webServer Gateway Interface), I needed to find a good production ASGI server to handle all the incoming requests. The best thing I found was <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org/">uvicorn</a>. It focuses on speed, which is a priority, especially when using the ASGI protocol.</p> <p>To run uvicorn on the command line for testing purposes, use something like the following:</p> <pre class="terminal"> $ uvicorn --reload myapp.asgi:application </pre> <p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">--reload</code> option says to reload the server if any of the files get updated. This is not recommended in production. Sadly, I thought this meant I would need to do a hard shutdown of the server process every time I wanted to update. This turned out to not be the case.</p> <h3 id="workload-managers">Workload Managers</h3> <p>There is another equine-named program called <a href="https://gunicorn.org/">gunicorn</a> which can hold a number of processes under its control. An interesting feature of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gunicorn</code> is that it will gracefully switch from an old to a new deployment, replacing the subprocesses one-by-one and eventually having only the new deployment active on all subprocesses. The greatest part? Zero down time. The server keeps any old processes open if there is communication with them, then shift and new connections to the new deployment. This was a very cool feature I wanted to take advantage of.</p> <p>“Now hold on!” you might protest. “gunicorn is a WSGI server!” … oh you got me there! Yes, that’s right, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gunicorn</code> is paired with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">uvicorn</code> to serve my files.</p> <h3 id="systemd">systemd</h3> <p>Love it or hate it, the majority of Linux distributions use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">systemd</code> init system. I decided it would be very convenient to have a .service file for my Django application to run automatically at boot. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Systemd</code> allows me to do this with a file like the following one I stored in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/lib/systemd/system/lamegames.service</code>.</p> <pre class="file"> [Unit] Description=Gunicorn/Uvicorn (lamegames.io) [Service] WorkingDirectory=/home/lame/lamegames.io Type=simple RemainAfterExit=yes ExecStart=/home/lame/lamegames.io/env/bin/gunicorn lamegames.asgi:application -w 2 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker ExecStop=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID Restart=always [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target </pre> <h3 id="nginx">nginx</h3> <p>NGINX (pronounced engine-X) is a performance web server designed for speed and simplicity. For the front facing side of the site, I do need a production web server like nginx. Gunicorn simply doesn’t need all the features that nginx provides, but I do. To configure my nginx installation, I used the following few directives to:</p> <ol> <li>Redirect most traffic towards the gunicorn server.</li> <li>Redirect statically served files (CSS, JS, images) to the directory specified in the STATIC_ROOT variable of my <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">settings.py</code> file.</li> <li>Use TLS to enable https://</li> </ol> <p>Serving the static files from nginx as opposed to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gunicorn</code> server is necessary. Gunicorn and other production A/WSGI web server will not set the proper MIME type over TLS. This will cause your browser to not load the Javascript/CSS.</p> <p>This is the important part of my nginx config.</p> <pre class="file"> server { location / { proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; # these two lines ensure that WebSocket, and HTTP2 connection are forwarded correctly proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade"; proxy_redirect off; proxy_buffering off; # this forwards all traffic to the local server on port 8000 proxy_pass http://localhost:8000; } # This forwards all static requests to Django's STATIC_ROOT set in settings.py; it is generated using the collectstatic command. location /static { autoindex on; alias /home/lame/lamegames.io/static_generated; } } </pre> <h3 id="setup">Setup</h3> <p>After all that, I was able to do the following:</p> <pre class="terminal"> # systemctl enable lamegames </pre> <p>This enabled my <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gunicorn</code> server to run once the server started. NGINX is that way be default.</p> <p>And tada! You now have a working Django project on a production server!</p> <h4 id="notes">Notes</h4> <ul> <li>If using ws:// websockets, change them to wss:// for secure web sockets.</li> <li>Make sure to use channels.routing.get_default_application() instead of django.get_asgi_application() if your’re wanting to use channels/redis WebSockets.</li> </ul>A few days ago I had a Django project I wanted to put on a real server. This project is still in its infancy, but I thought it would be nice to put it on my resume and show my friends. Little did I know the headache coming my way. Here are some tips to help you not make the same mistakes as me.BSD Journey, Part 12020-08-15T00:00:00+00:002020-08-15T00:00:00+00:00/2020/08/15/openbsd1<p>As Linux becomes controlled by corporate sponsors and becomes more full of proprietary blobs, drivers, and even closed-source software like Steam, One may wonder if there are other options out there. For me, somebody that is intensely interested in security, there is one option: OpenBSD.</p> <p>Now, my interest in OpenBSD has been going on for a long time. I started poking around for Linux alternatives way back a few years ago when Linus Torvalds decided to leave after he got in trouble for some <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/07/linus-torvalds-defends-his-right-to-shame-linux-kernel-developers/">unprofessional behaviour</a>. That said, Linus did come back to Linux development, but I knew that his abrasive style is what brought good code to the Linux kernel. I also knew that his ability to be critical would be hurt by the new <a href="https://itsfoss.com/linux-code-of-conduct/">code of conduct</a>. It would become a tool for the SJW types to hammer on Linus for being a “white male, et al.”; It would become a tool for the easily offended to use to get their dumb code into Linux; It would become a tool for the corporatization, the HR-ification of Linux. Frankly, this does not interest me.</p> <p>Now I’m sure that OpenBSD has its own internal policies that I disagree with. That said, Theo De Raadt is still at least known for calling Firefox an “amorphous peace of garbage” due to its lack of privilege separation. And, in their <a href="https://openbsd.org/goals.html">project goals</a> page, they specifically mention:</p> <blockquote> <p>Be as politics-free as possible; solutions should be decided on the basis of technical merit.</p> </blockquote> <p>Now that’s something I can get behind! Bet you that’s not in the Linux COC?</p> <p>He also went to university in my hometown, so that’s pretty cool! I can support a local madman who thinks he can make a better operating system than all those corporations. Maybe he was right, maybe not. What I know is I am excited to find out!</p> <p>Wish my luck on my OpenBSD journey. I will post updates here along the way.</p> <p>Happy hacking!</p>As Linux becomes controlled by corporate sponsors and becomes more full of proprietary blobs, drivers, and even closed-source software like Steam, One may wonder if there are other options out there. For me, somebody that is intensely interested in security, there is one option: OpenBSD.Know How Your Representative Votes In Parliament2020-07-30T00:00:00+00:002020-07-30T00:00:00+00:00/2020/07/30/canadian-parliament<p>As an advocate for openness, I had an idea to make a project out of the government of Canada’s <a href="https://open.canada.ca/en/open-data">Open Data</a> initiative to take a look at how my local MP voted on various pieces of legislation. It turns out though that this was not necessary due to how easy it was to find this information on the government’s own website. In this article, I will explain how you can do the same.</p> <h3 id="1-find-your-representative">1. Find Your Representative</h3> <p>The first step in this process is to find who your representative is. To do so, go to the government’s own website <a href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en">ourcommons.ca’s search tool</a>.</p> <p>Simply type in your postal code in the search box to find out who your MP is.</p> <h3 id="2-their-voting-record">2. Their Voting Record</h3> <p>Every MP’s voting record is public knowledge, and it is available nice and simple in a table on that MP’s page. For example, this is a link to <a href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/pierre-poilievre(25524)/votes">Pierre Poilievre’s voting record</a>.</p> <p>To find your MP’s voting record, do step one, then: After the <strong>Overview</strong>, and <strong>Seat in The House</strong> sections, there are three tabs, <strong>Roles</strong>, <strong>Work</strong>, and <strong>Contact</strong>. Click on work. At the bottom of that tab is a link which says <strong>Chamber Votes</strong>. This will open a small window with some recent votes by this politician. If you want to see all their votes, there is a button at the bottom named <strong>All Votes by This Member</strong>.</p> <p>Tada! You can now keep your local MP accountable for anything you do or do not support.</p> <h3 id="3-bill-details">3. Bill Details</h3> <p>If you want to get into the nitty gritty, once you open a specific bill, you can actually find out the status of said bill, or read the actual text by clicking the <strong>View this Bill on LEGISinfo</strong> button.</p> <p>Both the status of the bill, and a link to a PDF document containing the bilingual text of the bill are visible in the main body of the page.</p> <h4 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h4> <p>I thought this was pretty cool! It was <em>way</em> simpler than I thought it would be.</p> <p>Thanks, Canada!</p>As an advocate for openness, I had an idea to make a project out of the government of Canada’s Open Data initiative to take a look at how my local MP voted on various pieces of legislation. It turns out though that this was not necessary due to how easy it was to find this information on the government’s own website. In this article, I will explain how you can do the same.Installing MultiCraft on Gentoo Linux2020-07-19T00:00:00+00:002020-07-19T00:00:00+00:00/2020/07/19/multicraft-php-gentoo<p>In a very odd combination of requirements, I needed to install <a href="https://multicraft.org">MultiCraft</a> on a Gentoo Linux system. The PHP <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USE</code> flags are important so you don’t have to recompile it three times like I did.</p> <p>Here are some useful tips I came across:</p> <h3 id="php-use-flags">PHP <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USE</code> flags</h3> <p>In <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/portage/package.use/php</code> I placed the following line:</p> <pre class="terminal"> dev-lang/php cgi mysql mysqli fpm pdo gd truetype </pre> <p>This should give you enough for a mysql backended MultiCraft installation. The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">cgi</code> option may not be required as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">fpm</code> stands for <em>FastCGI Process Managment</em>. I don’t know for sure though.</p> <h3 id="paper">Paper</h3> <p>This will grab the latest version of the Paper jar file using <a href="https://yivesmirror.com">YivesMirror</a>. I’m not sure how reputable it is, but my buddy who works with this stuff more often than me seemed to recognize it.</p> <pre class="terminal"> ## See the default craftbukkit.jar.conf for a detailed documentation of the ## format of this file. [config] name = Paper 1.16.1 Latest source = https://yivesmirror.com/files/paper/Paper-1.16.1-latest.jar category = Mods [encoding] #encode = system #decode = system #fileEncoding = latin-1 [start] command = "{JAVA}" -Xmx{MAX_MEMORY}M -Xms{START_MEMORY}M -XX:MaxPermSize=128M -Djline.terminal=jline.UnsupportedTerminal -jar "{JAR}" nogui </pre> <h3 id="other-tips">Other Tips</h3> <p>Do not use the option to setup a separate user for each server. This completely stalled any work getting done with a ton of ‘permission denied’ errors.</p> <h4 id="security">Security</h4> <p>If the panel is in the root directory of your NGINX web server, use the following in your server block to deny access to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/protected</code> directory.</p> <pre class="terminal"> location /protected { deny all; return 404; } </pre> <h5 id="mysql">MySQL</h5> <p>It is always good practice to separate privileges. The MultiCraft daemon should have one SQL login, with one database allocated to it. The MultiCraft panel should have a separate SQL login, with a separate database allocated to it.</p> <p>You can do this with the following commands in your MySQL prompt:</p> <pre class="terminal"> sql&gt; CREATE DATABASE multicraft_daemon_database; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) sql&gt; CREATE DATABASE multicraft_panel_database; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) sql&gt; CREATE USER 'muilticraft_daemon'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong password here'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) sql&gt; CREATE USER 'multicraft_panel'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'different strong password here'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) sql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON multicraft_daemon_database . * TO 'multicraft_daemon'@'localhost'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) sql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON multicraft_panel_database . * TO 'mutlicraft_panel'@'localhost'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) </pre> <p>During setup, make sure the proper credentials are used for each step. Database 1 is the panel database. Database 2 is the daemon database.</p> <p>Happy hacking :)</p>In a very odd combination of requirements, I needed to install MultiCraft on a Gentoo Linux system. The PHP USE flags are important so you don’t have to recompile it three times like I did.Independence2020-07-12T00:00:00+00:002020-07-12T00:00:00+00:00/2020/07/12/independence<blockquote> <p>“When given a choice between independence and dependence, always choose independence; you will never regret that choice!”—Luke Smith</p> </blockquote> <p>Whatever you may believe about the YouTube personality Luke Smith, the quote above summarizes a core principle of mine. Much like many people have religious principles, I have <em>Independence</em>.</p> <p>My choice to use Linux as my primary operating system, host my own website, own my own domain name—all of these are directly related to this core principle of independence.</p> <p>I never want a man, or a company to have too much power over my life. Just like I would not trust just any person to be able to read my emails, know where I live, where I am going, who are my friends, what do I believe; in the same way, I do not trust a company with that same information.</p> <blockquote> <p>“If you want to find out what a man is to the bottom, give him power. Any man can stand adversity — only a great man can stand prosperity.”—Robert Ingersoll</p> </blockquote> <p>Take control of your own digital life:</p> <ol> <li>Own your own domain.</li> <li>Hookup an email and a website to that.</li> </ol> <p>That’s it!</p> <p>Without this, any of your internet privileges can be revoked at any time by Google, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, or even an angry Twitter Mob. Maybe because they hate your skin colour, maybe they hate your religious/political views, or maybe you got caught on a technicality.</p> <p>If you own your own domain, however:</p> <p>Your email provider goes down/bans you: change your provider; keep the email.</p> <p>Your website is pulled for controversial views: switch hosts.</p> <p>Protect yourself; give yourself choices. Why give others that power when you could have it for yourself?</p>“When given a choice between independence and dependence, always choose independence; you will never regret that choice!”—Luke SmithHow to use tmux to send and receive things from your Minecraft server2020-06-25T00:00:00+00:002020-06-25T00:00:00+00:00/2020/06/25/tmux-minecraft<p>So recently I had problem. I run a Minecraft server on a big Linux computer I have running in my room. Now, as a system administrator it is very helpful to be able to run some simple commands without needing to login with my key, password, TFA, etc. It is, frankly, a lot of work. Especially when I really just want to be playing games but I just need to check something quickly.</p> <p>So for simple things like finding out of the network, CPU, memory or disk usage is my bottleneck, I wrote this really nifty script to connect the world of Minecraft and the Linux shell.</p> <p>My completed solution for what I needed can be found at <a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft/">https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft</a>.</p> <p>If you want some of the implementation details, stick around.</p> <h2 id="solution">Solution</h2> <p>So to solve this interesting problem, I decided to use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code>. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> is a <strong>t</strong>terminal <strong>mu</strong>ltiple<strong>x</strong>er. This allows you to run a terminal session, then detach fromc it while it still runs in the background.</p> <p>This is very valuable when running command line applications that need to have an active console connection, like a Minecraft server.</p> <p>So first I looked at the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> command <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">send-keys</code>.</p> <h4 id="send-keys"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">send-keys</code></h4> <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">send-keys</code> allows you to send text, and key presses to a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> session. Now assuming this <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> session is attached to a Minecraft server, there is no reason you could not run a command like this:</p> <pre class="terminal"> $ tmux send-keys "tell @a This is a Test" Enter </pre> <p>This will send the text “tell @a This is a Test” to the Minecraft server. Then, it will hit the newline character, this will execute the command.</p> <p>So now we can send information to the server and have it tell the users something.</p> <p>But how do we get information about who is typing what in the Minecraft chat?</p> <h3 id="tmuxs-capture-pane-is-painful"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code>’s <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">capture-pane</code> is painful</h3> <p>So in the manual page for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux</code> I can see a section recorded below for options I can give to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">capture-pane</code> subcommand.</p> <pre class="terminal"> -S and -E specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero is the first line of the visible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history. ‘-’ to -S is the start of the history and to -E the end of the visible pane. The default is to capture only the visible contents of the pane. </pre> <p>What it seems to be saying is I can start at line <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-S n</code> and end at line <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-E n</code>. Negative numbers start from the bottom, so <em>in theory</em> I can do the following: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux capture-pane -S -1</code> should capture only the last line, because I’m starting from the last line. Right?</p> <p>No. It just doesn’t work. Negative numbers do <em>not</em> work with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmux capture-pane</code> subcommand.</p> <p>So I did some simple UNIX piping, like so, to get just the last thing in the chat.</p> <pre class="terminal"> $ tmux capture-pane -p -t steve | tail -n1 [SERVER] [ExtraDebuggingInfoHere]: &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; MY_MESSAGE </pre> <p>TaterTheTot is my Minecraft username :)</p> <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-p</code> prints the result to the terminal/stdout.</p> <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">steve</code> is the name of the tmux session I’m trying to pull form.</p> <p>So that’s done! Beauty!</p> <p>Now that we have that, how can we extract the username and the message from the latest line?</p> <h3 id="grep"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code></h3> <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code> is a command to find patterns of text. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code> has an option to only show a matching pattern of text. This option is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-o</code>.</p> <p>Let’s see how we can use this in conjunction with our latest line of server output to get our results.</p> <pre class="terminal"> $ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; MY_MESAGE" | grep -o "&lt;.&ast;&gt;" &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; </pre> <p>Now, that’s my name with the &lt; and &gt; attached. Not bad! We can use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sed</code> command to clean it up a bit.</p> <p>The syntax is like so: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">select/somepattern/replacewith/global</code></p> <p>So the following command is: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">s/[&lt;&gt;]//g</code></p> <p>Select any characters that are either &lt; or &gt;. Replace with nothing. Do so globally (as in, don’t stop after you replace only one character).</p> <p>Take two!</p> <pre class="terminal"> $ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; MY_MESAGE" | grep -o "&lt;.&ast;&gt;" | sed 's/[&lt;&gt;]//g' TaterTheTot </pre> <p>Beautiful!</p> <p>Now what about that pesky message?</p> <h3 id="more-grep-more-sed">more <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code>; more <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sed</code></h3> <p>Simple: capture everything after the &gt;. Leaving the user’s message entirely in tact.</p> <pre class="terminal"> $ echo "[DEBUG] [SERVER] blah blah: &lt;TaterTheTot&gt; MY_MESAGE" | grep -o "&gt;.&ast;$" | sed 's/&gt; //' MY_MESSAGE </pre> <p>So now we have a way to get the username of someone typing in the Minecraft server chat. We have a way to find out what they said. And, we have a way to respond.</p> <p>You can imagine how these might go together for your own use case.</p> <h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3> <p>This shows some pretty fun stuff you can do with a few simple Linux commands and a Minecraft server.</p> <p>I hope you learned something and found my explanations not horrific haha!</p> <p>Remember to checkout the git repository to see what I did with it: <a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft">https://github.com/TTWNO/termcraft</a>.</p> <p>Happy hacking!</p>So recently I had problem. I run a Minecraft server on a big Linux computer I have running in my room. Now, as a system administrator it is very helpful to be able to run some simple commands without needing to login with my key, password, TFA, etc. It is, frankly, a lot of work. Especially when I really just want to be playing games but I just need to check something quickly.Site Update2020-06-04T00:00:00+00:002020-06-04T00:00:00+00:00/2020/06/04/site-update<p>I updated the site with some easier to identify information about me and my projects :)</p> <p>Also, Clue has been delayed due to my partner in crime on the project wokring too many hours.</p> <p>I also posted a new project called <em><a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/caesar-cipher">Caesar Cipher</a></em> in C. It will be an intermediate example of how to use build systems like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">make</code>.</p>I updated the site with some easier to identify information about me and my projects :)New Game: Clue (coming soon)2020-05-19T00:00:00+00:002020-05-19T00:00:00+00:00/2020/05/19/clue-announcement<p>Ooo! Exciting! Today I want to announce a new project I’ll be working on which should be live within the month of May: Clue.</p> <p>The original board game, implemented in an accessible format via the web.</p> <p>It uses a Node.js backend and standard Javascript/HTML frontend. Nothing fancy.</p> <p>All the code will be hosted here: <a href="https://github.com/TTWNO/clue">https://github.com/TTWNO/clue</a></p> <p>It will be licensed under the BSD-3 license, meaning it can be used for any reason—even commercially and without source-code disclosure—without prior authorization, but it <em>must</em> acknowledge that I helped build the end product.</p> <p>Once the project is live, it will be located at: <a href="">Lame Games</a> (currently a dead link).</p>Ooo! Exciting! Today I want to announce a new project I’ll be working on which should be live within the month of May: Clue. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/index.html b/_site/index.html index 57af702..348a5ff 100644 --- a/_site/index.html +++ b/_site/index.html @@ -1,84 +1 @@ - - - - - Home | tait.tech - - - - -
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Tait Hoyem

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- A photo I took of the valley Banff, Alberta sits in - -
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About

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I am a student at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT).

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I have two goals in my software development career.

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  1. The security, privacy, and anonymity of the internet and other digital devices.
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  2. The accessibility of this technology to the visually impaired.
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Some of my projects reflect these goals. -Others are just fun along the way.

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I have all of my code projects hosted on my Github.

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Projects

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epub-with-pinyin — -I wrote a program to add Pinyin above Chinese characters in .epub files to assist myself and others learning Mandarin Chinese.

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chess — -I wrote a command-line chess game in C++. It is compileable on almost any system.

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tait.tech — -All the code for my website is open source.

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lamegames.tait.tech — -A little games website I made for some demonstrations of Django functionality. -Very, very lame. Would not recommend.

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subnetting — -A one-night write of a tool to automatically calculate network subnet masks based on required hosts and base IP.

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I also occasionally put content on my lbry channel, and the blog I host on this site.

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Contact

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You can reach me via email at tait@tait.tech

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If you use PGP, this is my public key

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- - + Home | tait.tech

Tait Hoyem

I am a student at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT).

I have three goals in my software development career.

  1. Strong adherance to the UNIX principles of software design.
  2. Security, privacy, and anonymity of the internet.
  3. The accessibility of this technology to the visually impaired.

Some of my projects reflect these goals. Others are just fun along the way.

I have all of my code projects hosted on my Github.

Projects

epub-with-pinyin — I wrote a program to add Pinyin above Chinese characters in .epub files to assist myself and others learning Mandarin Chinese.

chess — I wrote a command-line chess game in C++. It is compileable on almost any system.

tait.tech — All the code for my website is open source.

lamegames.tait.tech — A little games website I made for some demonstrations of Django functionality. Very, very lame. Would not recommend.

subnetting — A one-night write of a tool to automatically calculate network subnet masks based on required hosts and base IP.

I also occasionally put content on my lbry channel, and the blog I host on this site.

Contact

You can reach me via email at tait@tait.tech

If you use PGP, this is my public key

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/links/index.html b/_site/links/index.html index c0fc64e..2e65d5d 100644 --- a/_site/links/index.html +++ b/_site/links/index.html @@ -1,201 +1 @@ - - - - - Links | tait.tech - - - - -
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Find Me Other Places

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Main Site - - - - tait.tech - -

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Backup/Mirror Site - - - - beta.tait.tech - -

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Email - - - - tait@tait.tech - -

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Public Key - - - - public-key.asc - -

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Github - - - - github.com/TTWNO - -

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Secure Service Links

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Signal - - - - https://signal.org - -

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Protonmail - - - - https://protonmail.com - -

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Linux Links

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Arch Linux Wiki - - - - https://wiki.archlinux.org/ - -

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Talking Arch - - - - https://talkingarch.info/ - -

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Speakup Project [Unencrypted] - - - - http://linux-speakup.org/ - -

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Luke Smith - - - - https://lukesmith.xyz/ - -

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Brian Lunduke - - - - https://lunduke.com/ - -

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Interesting Links

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Suckless - - - - https://suckless.org/ - -

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cat -v (considered harmful) [Unencrypted] - - - - http://cat-v.org/ - -

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Edward Snowden - - - - https://www.biography.com/activist/edward-snowden/ - -

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Best Websites in Existence

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Gregory Gundersen - - - - https://gregorygundersen.com/ - -

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The Best Website - - - - https://thebestmotherfucking.website/ - -

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Friends' Websites

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Justin Pilon - - - - https://justinpilon.ca/ - -

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Melody Shih - - - - https://melly.tech/ - -

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All my big projects are on my homepage.

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- - + Links | tait.tech

Find Me Other Places

Main Site - tait.tech

Backup/Mirror Site - beta.tait.tech

Email - tait@tait.tech

Public Key - public-key.asc

Github - github.com/TTWNO

Secure Service Links

Signal - https://signal.org

Protonmail - https://protonmail.com

Linux Links

Arch Linux Wiki - https://wiki.archlinux.org/

Talking Arch - https://talkingarch.info/

Speakup Project [Unencrypted] - http://linux-speakup.org/

Luke Smith - https://lukesmith.xyz/

Brian Lunduke - https://lunduke.com/

Interesting Links

Suckless - https://suckless.org/

cat -v (considered harmful) [Unencrypted] - http://cat-v.org/

Edward Snowden - https://www.biography.com/activist/edward-snowden/

Best Websites in Existence

Gregory Gundersen - https://gregorygundersen.com/

The Best Website - https://thebestmotherfucking.website/

Friends' Websites

Justin Pilon - https://justinpilon.ca/

Melody Shih - https://melly.tech/

All my big projects are on my homepage.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/resume/index.html b/_site/resume/index.html index 6776ba3..307c23f 100644 --- a/_site/resume/index.html +++ b/_site/resume/index.html @@ -1,87 +1 @@ - - - - - Resume | tait.tech - - - - -
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Tait Hoyem

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Experience

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Total Impact Signs—Technical Advisor (2014-2016)

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Implemented a semi-automatic payroll system replacing the manual sign in book used before.

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Independent—Tutoring (2019-present)

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Working with computer science students explaining introductory to advanced concepts.

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Imaginus—Security Gaurd (2019-2020)

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Night-time security to gaurd inventory.

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Education

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The Linux Foundation—Certification / Certified Linux System Administrator (2016)

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Certified in Linux system administration tasks. Running web servers, maintaining mass storage systems, running secure remote control tools. Certificate no longer valid.

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Southern Alberta Institute of Technology—Diploma / Information Technology-Software Development Major (2019-2021)

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Full-stack two year software development diploma. Focusing on databases, interface design and enterprise solutions.

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Professional Development

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Dartmouth College (Open Corseware)—Professional Certificate / C Programming with Linux (2020)

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A certification in C programming, the gcc compiler, and the make compilation system.

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Projects

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epub-with-pinyin

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A program which adds Mandarin Pinyin notation above Chinese characters in .epub files.

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Chess

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A chess app written in C++

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Languages

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Human
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Computer
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- - + Resume | tait.tech

Tait Hoyem

Experience

Total Impact Signs—Technical Advisor (2014-2016)

Implemented a semi-automatic payroll system replacing the manual sign in book used before.

Independent—Tutoring (2019-present)

Working with computer science students explaining introductory to advanced concepts.

Imaginus—Security Gaurd (2019-2020)

Night-time security to gaurd inventory.

Education

The Linux Foundation—Certification / Certified Linux System Administrator (2016)

Certified in Linux system administration tasks. Running web servers, maintaining mass storage systems, running secure remote control tools. Certificate no longer valid.

Southern Alberta Institute of Technology—Diploma / Information Technology-Software Development Major (2019-2021)

Full-stack two year software development diploma. Focusing on databases, interface design and enterprise solutions.

Professional Development

Dartmouth College (Open Corseware)—Professional Certificate / C Programming with Linux (2020)

A certification in C programming, the gcc compiler, and the make compilation system.

Projects

epub-with-pinyin

A program which adds Mandarin Pinyin notation above Chinese characters in .epub files.

Chess

A chess app written in C++

Languages

Human

  • English (Native)

  • Mandarin Chinese (Novice)

Computer

  • C++ (4/5)

  • C (3/5)

  • Java (2/5)

  • Python (2/5)

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/robots.txt b/_site/robots.txt index d297064..98ae312 100644 --- a/_site/robots.txt +++ b/_site/robots.txt @@ -1 +1 @@ -Sitemap: http://localhost:4000/sitemap.xml +Sitemap: /sitemap.xml \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/scholarships/2020/cnib/index.html b/_site/scholarships/2020/cnib/index.html index a8a2349..1303ada 100644 --- a/_site/scholarships/2020/cnib/index.html +++ b/_site/scholarships/2020/cnib/index.html @@ -1,72 +1 @@ - - - - - CNIB Scholarship Essay 2020 | tait.tech - - - - -
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CNIB Scholarship Essay

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Intro

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Question: -How will this scholarship change what it is to be blind for you as you pursue your post-secondary education?

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Answer: -I have taken every opportunity of my short life to deny being defined solely by any disability. -This essay will focus more on my educational goals and career aspirations on their own merit.

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I would love your support in accomplishing these goals!

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Goals

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My current educational path involves finishing a diploma program, -then transfering to a Bachelor’s of Technology program in cybersecurity and digital forensics at BCIT.

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Cybersecurity was not an overnight choice. -It became interesting to me over time as I saw ordinary people give up their privacy because they wanted their phone to tell them the weather—or some such other minor life enhancement.

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Of course, it is a exaggeration to say that this is the reason people give up privacy, -but consider the extreme case: -You have your phone location on at all times; -you own an Alexa which listens to everything you say at home; -you text and call others using a service that openly collects the contents of your messages.

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Would you want every single text you have sent to appear on the front page of the newspaper? -What about every thing you have said in the privacy of your own home? -Do you want just anyone to know where you were today?

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If any one person had access to all this information about you, it would likely make you uneasy. -I know it makes me a bit nervous at least.

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One of the primary goals of my career is to build tools that empower the individual. -Tools that make the individual more independent, not less. -These tools must be for the average consumer. -They must appeal to a mass market without compromising the secure, private foundations. -This is my goal: -Allow normal people, non-techies and techies alike, to just be able to send a text message without the world watching over their shoulder.

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The second goal I have is to make this technology accessible to everyone. -Security-focused apps need to be fast so they will run on less expensive phones. -They need to be simple so that screen readers can process them correctly.

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These are not hard things to do. -In fact, I would argue that designing software this way: independent of third parties, simple, able to run on cheap devices—is actually easier than designing it the way large companies seem to design software.

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Conclusion

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I have a vision for how to build open, secure, private and accessible applications. -Your help in moving that goal forward would be much appreciated.

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Without you I can do it.

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With you I can do it better.

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- - + CNIB Scholarship Essay 2020 | tait.tech

CNIB Scholarship Essay

Intro

Question: How will this scholarship change what it is to be blind for you as you pursue your post-secondary education?

Answer: I have taken every opportunity of my short life to deny being defined solely by any disability. This essay will focus more on my educational goals and career aspirations on their own merit.

I would love your support in accomplishing these goals!

Goals

My current educational path involves finishing a diploma program, then transfering to a Bachelor’s of Technology program in cybersecurity and digital forensics at BCIT.

Cybersecurity was not an overnight choice. It became interesting to me over time as I saw ordinary people give up their privacy because they wanted their phone to tell them the weather—or some such other minor life enhancement.

Of course, it is a exaggeration to say that this is the reason people give up privacy, but consider the extreme case: You have your phone location on at all times; you own an Alexa which listens to everything you say at home; you text and call others using a service that openly collects the contents of your messages.

Would you want every single text you have sent to appear on the front page of the newspaper? What about every thing you have said in the privacy of your own home? Do you want just anyone to know where you were today?

If any one person had access to all this information about you, it would likely make you uneasy. I know it makes me a bit nervous at least.

One of the primary goals of my career is to build tools that empower the individual. Tools that make the individual more independent, not less. These tools must be for the average consumer. They must appeal to a mass market without compromising the secure, private foundations. This is my goal: Allow normal people, non-techies and techies alike, to just be able to send a text message without the world watching over their shoulder.

The second goal I have is to make this technology accessible to everyone. Security-focused apps need to be fast so they will run on less expensive phones. They need to be simple so that screen readers can process them correctly.

These are not hard things to do. In fact, I would argue that designing software this way: independent of third parties, simple, able to run on cheap devices—is actually easier than designing it the way large companies seem to design software.

Conclusion

I have a vision for how to build open, secure, private and accessible applications. Your help in moving that goal forward would be much appreciated.

Without you I can do it.

With you I can do it better.

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- - -

Tutoring

- -

I believe in solving problems. -Learn how to solve your own unique computer-related problems by learning how they work underneath all the fancy buttons you see.

- -

Contact me at tutoring@tait.tech for more info.

- -

Rates/hour

- -

C$25 for a programming language I am comfortable with already.

- - -

C$20 + 1 week prep. time for a programming language I am not very comfortable with already.

- - -

C$35 for Linux system administration.

- - -

I offer group discounts for 2+ students.

- -
Resources:
- -

My favourite resources are the following:

- - - - - -
- - + Tutoring | tait.tech

Tutoring

I believe in solving problems. Learn how to solve your own unique computer-related problems by learning how they work underneath all the fancy buttons you see.

Contact me at tutoring@tait.tech for more info.

Rates/hour

C$25 for a programming language I am comfortable with already.

  • C, C++, Java, Python, HTML/CSS/JS.

C$20 + 1 week prep. time for a programming language I am not very comfortable with already.

  • Rust, Go, Node.js.

C$35 for Linux system administration.

  • Paritioning disks, install and configure software and automate tasks via the command line interface (CLI).

I offer group discounts for 2+ students.

Resources:

My favourite resources are the following:

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