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31 lines
1.1 KiB
31 lines
1.1 KiB
From text to speech: The MITalk system
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is not used. Neither the parallel nasal formant nor the parallel first formant
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resonator is needed in the normal cascade/parallel synthesizer configuration
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(SW=0), but they are required for the simulation of nasalization in the special-
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purpose all-parallel configuration (SW=1).
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12.3 Radiation characteristic |
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The box labeled "radiation characteristic" in Figure 12-6 models the effect of
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directivity patterns of sound radiating from the head as a function of frequency.
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The sound pressure measured directly in front of and about a meter from the lips is
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proportional to the temporal derivative of the lip-plus-nose volume velocity, and
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inversely proportional to r, the distance from the lips (Fant, 1960). The transfor-
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mation is simulated in the synthesizer by taking the first difference of lip-nose
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volume velocity:
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p(nT)=u(nT)—u(nT-T) ®
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The radiation characteristic adds a gradual rise in the overall spectrum, as
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shown in Figure 12-14,
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|R(f)] (dB)
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0 1 2 3 4 5
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Frequency (kHz)
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Figure 12-14: Transfer function of the radiation characteristic
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150
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