You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
54 lines
1.3 KiB
54 lines
1.3 KiB
The Klatt formant synthesizer
|
|
|
|
20 20
|
|
|
|
Uniform tube 1Y
|
|
|
|
10 10
|
|
)
|
|
=)
|
|
|
|
= 0 0
|
|
Ll
|
|
|
|
-10 -10
|
|
|
|
-20 -20
|
|
|
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
|
|
Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz)
|
|
30 10
|
|
AA UW
|
|
|
|
20 0
|
|
Q
|
|
2
|
|
=
|
|
|
|
0 -20
|
|
|
|
-10 -30
|
|
|
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
|
|
Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz)
|
|
|
|
Figure 12-9: Magnitude of the vocal tract transfer function
|
|
|
|
12.2.3 Formant frequencies
|
|
|
|
Each formant resonator introduces a peak in the magnitude spectra shown in
|
|
Figure 12-9. The frequency of formant peak “n” is determined by the formant fre-
|
|
quency control parameter Fn. (The amplitude of a formant peak depends not only
|
|
on Fn and the formant bandwidth control parameter BWn, but also on the fre-
|
|
quencies of the other formants, which will be discussed below.)
|
|
|
|
Formant frequency values are determined by the detailed shape of the vocal
|
|
tract. Formant frequency values associated with different phonetic segments in the
|
|
speech of speaker DHK are presented in Chapter 11. The frequencies of the lowest
|
|
three formants vary substantially with changes to articulation (e.g. the observed
|
|
range of F1 is from about 180 to 750 Hz, of F2 is 600 to 2300 Hz, and of F3 is
|
|
1300 to 3100 Hz for a typical male talker). The frequencies and bandwidths of the
|
|
fourth and fifth formant resonators do not vary as much, and could be held con-
|
|
|
|
141
|