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The Klatt formant synthesizer
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a) Normal voicing waveform
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A VAVAVAN
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b) Smoothed voicing waveform
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a) -12 dB per octave
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Spectral envelope (dB)
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A
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o
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b) -24 dB per octave
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-70
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-80
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0 1 2 3 4 5
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Frequency (kHz)
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¢) Voicing magnitude spectra
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Figure 12-7: Four periods from voicing waveforms
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135
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