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31 lines
823 B
31 lines
823 B
The Klatt formant synthesizer
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CASCADE
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FO TRANSFER
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FUNCTION
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RANDOM
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NUMBER
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GEN.
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&\ Mop.
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%Y
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LPF
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Oplid
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(%e)
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PARALLEL TRANSFER FUNCTION
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Figure 12-6: Block diagram of the cascade/parallel formant synthesizer
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by the rapid flow of air past a narrow constriction. The resulting noise is called
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aspiration if the constriction is located at the level of the vocal folds as, for ex-
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ample, during the production of the sound Er. If the constriction is located above
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the larynx as, for example, during the production of sounds such as ss, the result-
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ing noise is called frication noise. The explosion of a plosive release also consists
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primarily of frication noise.
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When voicing and turbulence noise generation co-exist, as in a voiced frica-
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tive such as zz or a voiced Ha, the noise is amplitude modulated periodically by
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