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The phonetic component
Second formant transition for ow
1100
850
Frequency (kHz)
o R e
[0 T
0 200 230 380 460 800
Time (ms)
Second formant transition for GG ow
2 =
1448=1700+0.42(F2 -1700)
850
Frequency (kHz)
o 3 ]
0 200 280 380 460 800
Time (ms)
Figure 11-5: Synthesis strategy for a CV syllable
ways to improve the consonants and plan to extend this work to clusters and to
postvocalic allophones.
How can the intelligibility of the consonant-vowel syllables be further im-
proved? Of particular interest are two questions: 1) will the generalizations con-
cerning vowel categories and the form of the locus equations have to be modified,
or is it only necessary to modify the numbers that go into the equations, and 2) is a
spectral-matching procedure' of the type outlined above sufficient for the purpose
of intelligibility optimization? The generalizations that have been made will prob-
ably not have to be modified or abandoned. Each time that the perceptual data
have indicated a problem with a particular CV syllable or class of syllables,
reinspection of the spectral match between the synthesis and the average spectra
for talker DHK has revealed fairly substantial differences, and correction of the
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