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49 lines
1.5 KiB
49 lines
1.5 KiB
The phonetic component
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60r
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BEFORE FRONT VOWELS BEFORE FRONT VOWELS BEFORE FRONT VOWELS
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40 [ f%
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(dfl)
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(dB)
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o B
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(dB)
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R
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60
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BEFORE BACK UNROUNDED VOWELS
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40
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&
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3
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zofi\/i%i
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%12 3 & %
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0 I 2 4
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-FREQ (kHz) FREQ (kH2) FREQ (k?-(z) s
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(e8] [oo] )
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Figure 11-3: Linear prediction of plosive bursts before vowels
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11.2.2 Synthesis strategy
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A possible synthesis strategy for predicting formant frequency motions in CV syll-
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ables is illustrated in Figure 11-5 for the syllable go. The vowel is first defined in
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terms of straight-line segments. Then the formant values associated with the con-
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sonant and the consonant-vowel transition are imposed, again using straight-line
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segments and a locus theory equation to determine formant values at the CV
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boundary. Formant motions associated with the vowel are defined in the upper
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panel. Perturbations imposed by the initial consonant are indicated in the lower
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panel.
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Many of the remaining synthesis parameters, such as formant bandwidths and
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formant amplitudes in frication spectra, must be determined by trial-and-error
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comparisons of synthetic and natural linear prediction spectra. These adjustments
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took several iterations. Experience showed that small errors in frication spectra, or
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frication level, or the time course of intensity buildup, would result in an increased
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identification error rate, so that the tedious trial-and-error optimization of these
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parameters is important. The resulting control parameter values are tied to a par-
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113
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