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36 lines
921 B
36 lines
921 B
The phonetic component
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t=240ms.
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L t=180ms. t=280ms. J
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Amplitude (dB)
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8 5 S 3 3
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n
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o
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-
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o
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0 1 2 3 4 5
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Frequency (kHz)
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Figure 11-1: Spectrum analysis of a speech waveform
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2. Within each set of vowels, spectra associated with each consonant
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are surprisingly invariant, and formant transitions into the vowel
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obey a modified “locus” equation.
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These conclusions are illustrated in the next two figures. Figure 11-3 displays
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average spectra of plosive bursts before each vowel. Each curve is the average of
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six tokens of a syllable obtained from a single talker. Burst spectra are similar be-
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fore vowels in a particular category, even though these (linear prediction) spectra
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have not been normalized for speaking level. Burst spectra for GG differ strikingly
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across vowel sets, and burst spectra for DD are modified before rounded vowels.
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Similar changes are seen for voiceless plosives and for fricatives.
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111
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