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The fundamental frequency generator
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10.5 Adjustments to the O’Shaughnessy algorithm
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Several additions and adjustments have been made to the original algorithm. A
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third tune has been stipulated for wh-questions, that is, questions which include a
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question word such as “how” or “who” and to which an answer other than “yes” or
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“no” is expected. It will produce a high peak on the question word, a steeper fall-
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ing FO than in declaratives, and a higher peak on the last accented syllable than is
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produced for declaratives.
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The additional 20 percent rise assigned to an initial unvoiced consonant is
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added to the left boundary of the following vowel rather than to its peak, so that
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the contour falls from the initial portion of the vowel if the peak is at the left
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boundary. Another adjustment is the insertion of a local 5 Hz perturbation on both
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flat and falling unstressed syllables about their midpoint. A third adjustment is the
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addition of a dip in the contour at points of glottalization (see Figure 10-1). In ad-
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dition, the final FO value in statements has been lowered by 10 Hz, and the range
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has been narrowed so that an excursion above 190 Hz is rare.
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10.6 Potential improvements from additional syntactic information .
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A number of additional provisions in the O’Shaughnessy algorithm could be used
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if a more complete parser were available. Identification of dependent and inde-
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pendent clauses, and of matrix and embedded clauses would provide more infor-
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mation for resetting declination lines and calculating continuation rises. Boun-
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daries created by a number of syntactic transformations are also considered in the
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algorithm. These are clefting, there-insertion, preposing, topicalization, left and
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right dislocation, extraposition, and ellipsis. Special contours are provided for
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both appositives and vocatives as well as tag questions and yes/no questions offer-
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ing alternatives.
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107
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