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59 lines
1.8 KiB
59 lines
1.8 KiB
The fundamental frequency generator
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FO \4 C C \
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stressed unvoiced stressed
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J:k nucleus
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)-------
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Continuation
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rise
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N
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......
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..............
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cos
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n ow e Y XL Y X X T T X N Wy
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.................... Declination
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........
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""""
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e
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.............
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sed,
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va e
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Glottal stop
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Time
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Figure 10-1: Example of FO contours
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rises are then assigned around these peaks. Continuation rises are added to the last
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syllable of most non-sentence-final phrases (Figure 10-1), and sentence-final
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words are given rises or falls depending upon their tune. Finally, the FO contour is
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completed by specifying the amount of fall on other nonstressed syllables.
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The peak on a stressed syllable is proportional to the accent number, but is
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also decreased through the sentence. The peaks are arrayed along a falling
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declination line so that peaks of equal height have lower values moving from peaks
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which are sentence-initial to those which are sentence-final. The rate of declina-
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tion is steeper for sentences with Tune A, and less steep for sentences with Tune B.
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Each content word is given a rise and fall around the peak of its primary-
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stressed syllable. The basic rise is 40 percent of the distance from the initial value
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of the lower declination line (110 Hz for Tune A, 125 Hz for Tune B) to the peak
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value. This basic value is altered for peaks in boundary position. More rise, and
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thus a lower valley, is assigned to a phrase-initial peak and less rise (i.e. a higher
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valley) to phrase-final peaks. In addition, intervening unaccented syllables require
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more rise on the peaks surrounding them. The basic fall value is 20 percent of the
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distance from the lower declination line to the peak value. This value is increased
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for a phrase-final fall. Rises and falls within a phrase are further reduced (by 30
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percent).
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105
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