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51 lines
1.5 KiB
51 lines
1.5 KiB
10.
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The prosodic component
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Unstressed shortening:
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Unstressed segments are half-again more compressible than stressed seg-
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ments (i.e. sset MINDUR=MINDUR/2). Then both unstressed and 2-
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stressed segments are shortened by a factor PRCNT1 that is tabulated
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below for each type of segment. The result is that segments assigned
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secondary stress are shortened relative to 1-stress, but not as much as un-
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stressed segments (Umeda, 1975, 1977, Lehiste, 1975a).
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Context PRCNT]1 for -stress and 2-stress
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syllabic (word-medial syllable) 50
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syllabic (others) 70
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prevocalic liquid or glide 10
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all others 70
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Lengthening for emphasis:
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An emphasized vowel is lengthened by PRCNT1=140 percent (Bolinger,
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1972; Carlson and Granstrom, 1973; Umeda, 1975).
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Postvocalic context of vowels:
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a) The influence of a postvocalic consonant (in the same
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word) on the duration of a vowel is given below (House
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and Fairbanks, 1953; Peterson and Lehiste, 1960). In a
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postvocalic sonorant-obstruent cluster, the obstruent deter-
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mines the effect on the vowel (and on the sonorant
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consonant).
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Context PRCNT1
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open syllable, word-final 120
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before a voiced fricative | 160
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before a voiced plosive 120
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before a nasal 85
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before a voiceless plosive 70
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before all others 100
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b) The effects are greatest at phrase and clause boundaries: if
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the vowel is non-phrase-final, change PRCNT1 to be closer
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to 100, according to the formula PRCNT1 = 70 +
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0.3*PRCNT1 (Klatt, 1975).
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Shortening in clusters:
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Segments are shortened in consonant-consonant sequences (disregarding
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97
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