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Letter-to-sound and lexical stress
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it does not fit a specified context for syllabic r, is given the standard pronunciation.
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The letter s is followed by the sequence i-vowel, making it a candidate for
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palatalization. The palatalization rule which applies, assigns the segment ZzH.
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In the final stage of letter-to-phonetic segment conversion, the affixes and
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vowels are considered. The prefix sub has only one possible pronunciation. The
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letter e, because it precedes the sequence r-consonant where the consonant is not
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an T, is given the pronunciation as. The palatal segment zH now forms a left con-
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text for the suffix ion, which, being word-final, is pronounced AH NN.
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6.2.4.3 Generalizations and related rules Because the suffix s is marked as oc-
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curring in word-final position only, the s preceding ion is not recognized as a suf-
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fix. This step also prevents the er preceding the s from consideration as a possible
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suffix.
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When an s preceding the sequence i-vowel! in a root or beginning a suffix is
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preceded by either a vowel or an r, it is usually pronounced zH. Some examples
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are revision, artesian, Persian and dispersion; two exceptions are controversial
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and torsion. When s is preceded by 1, and when it occurs as part of the consonant
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cluster ss, the segment preceding the vowel sequence is SH (e.g. emulsion,
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Russian). A third pronunciation is observed when s is preceded by n (e.g.
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transient, comprehension).
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The sequence AH RR is later changed to ER.
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The sequence ion following a nonpalatalized consonant is pronounced IY AH
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NN (e.g. oblivion, criterion, champion).
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The suffix ion may be given other pronunciations if not morph-final. For ex-
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ample, it is pronounced Iy AA NN in ganglionic and histrionic.
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6.3 Lexical stress placement
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The stress rules which have been implemented are a modification of a set of or-
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dered rules developed by Halle and Keyser (1971). Modifications fall into three
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categories:
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1. adjustments due to the condition that input is completely phonemic,
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2. reduction of the number of stress levels to 1-stress (primary), 2-stress
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(stress less than primary) and O-stress, and
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3. addition of special suffix-dependent stress categories.
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Additionally, one aspect of the rules has not yet been implemented. Halle’s cyclic
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rules were written to take advantage of known parts of speech. This module was
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placed after PARSER to utilize this knowledge, but does not utilize it as yet.
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Application of the rules proceeds in two phases. The first phase consists of
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the application of three ordered rules which are applied cyclically, first to the root,
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