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47 lines
2.8 KiB
47 lines
2.8 KiB
Letter-to-sound and lexical stress
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6.2.3 Rule ordering
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The method of ordering rules allows converted strings which are highly depend-
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able to be used as context for those requiring a more complex framework. Because
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the pronunciation of consonants is least dependent upon context, phonological
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rules for consonants are applied first, i.e., in the second stage. Rules for vowels
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and affixes, requiring more specification of environment, are applied in the third
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and final stage. With the benefit of a previously converted consonant framework
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and the option of including as context any segment to the left of a string under con-
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sideration, the task of converting vowels and affixes is simplified.
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Within the two sets of rules for conversion of consonants and vowels, order-
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ing proceeds from longer strings to shorter strings and, for each string, from
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specific context to general context. The rule for pronunciation of cch, then, ap-
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pears before the rules for cc and ch, each of which is ordered before rules for ¢ and
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h. Procedures for the recognition of prefixes and suffixes also require an ordering:
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the prefixes com and con must be ordered before co; any suffix ending with the
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letter s must be recognized before the suffix consisting of that letter only.
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As an example of ordering rules for a particular string, consider the vowel a,
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and assume that it is followed by the letter r. This a may be pronounced like the a
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in warp, lariat, or carp, depending upon specification of further context. It is
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pronounced like the a in carp if it is followed by r and another consonant (other
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than r), and if it is preceded by any consonant segment except ww (note quarter,
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wharf). Consequently, a rule for a in the context of being preceded by the seg-
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ment wWw and followed by the sequence r-consonant is placed in the set of rules.
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Specification of a left context in the rule for the a in carp is subsequently unneces-
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sary. If the a is preceded by a ww, this rule will already have applied. Using this
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method, rules may be stated simply and without redundancy.
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6.2.4 Examples of rule application
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In this section, two words will be analyzed according to the phonological rules.
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Intermediate and final output will be provided for each word. The first stage con-
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sists of affix detection; the second stage is primarily composed of rules for the
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pronunciation of consonants in the root; the third stage contains rules for the
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pronunciation of affixes and of vowels in the root. Generalizations of these rules
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and related rules will be included in the discussion. The result of application of
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stress rules (to be discussed later) is given without comment following each
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derivation.
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The first example is shown in Figure 6-2. During Stage 1, no affixes are
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detected. Converting consonants in Stage 2, r is pronounced according to the most
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