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From text to speech: The MITalk system
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VG ADV VG Adv VG-Have ADYV VG-Have Adv
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MOD VG-Inf Mod MOD VG-To Got
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MOD VG-To ModTo BEEN VG-Part Been
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HAVE VG-Have Have JUMP VG-Part Nolng
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MOD VG-Have ModCntr JUMP VG-To OK
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BE VG-Part Be VGPat MOD VG-To BeMod
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VERB VG-Pop Verb .
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ADYV VG-Part CopAvj
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JUMP VG-Inf Vbl .
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JUMP VG-Have Vbl BEING VG-Part Being
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VERBING VG-Pop Ving
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VG-Inf ADYV VG-Inf Adv VERBEN VG-Pop En
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MOD VG-To Get JUMP VG-Cop Cop
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HAVE VG-Have HavInf VG-Cop ADI VG-Pop OK
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BE VG-Part BInf JUMP VG-Pop CopNoAj
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VERB VG-Pop VInf A
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VG-Pop ADV VG-Pop NoPrep
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VG-T ADV VG-
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G-To VG-To Adv POP VG-Pop PopV
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TO VG-Inf OK
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Figure 4-2: Verb group ATN listing
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4.6.2 The verb group grammar
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The verb group grammar appears in Figure 4-3. This is the simpler of the phrase
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grammars. It has fewer arcs, fewer states and alternate paths, fewer exit routines,
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and only two POP arcs. Its auxiliary verb structure is very well-defined. Also,
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there are no multiple parts of speech for one word, causing two paths to be inves-
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tigated.
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Some examples follow of basic verb groups which successfully traverse this
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net:
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sometimes runs usually would have been jumping
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is being run have to go
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would have been seen about to be done
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This basic grammar has been extended to include certain modal arcs used in
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spoken English. Some examples of these verb groups are:
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get to run does get used
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get to go can’t possibly get to see
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Particles have not as yet been treated. At present, in a simple sentence such
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as He picked up the books, three noun groups are found: he, picked up, and the
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books. In the phrase picked up, picked is assumed to be a past participle being
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used as an adjective and up is assumed to be the noun, as in the colloquial expres-
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sion It’s a real up. In the sentence He ran out of the room, ran is considered a
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verb group, but out is considered a noun group (as in How many outs does the
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48
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